{"id":528,"date":"2018-12-05T11:00:36","date_gmt":"2018-12-05T10:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2018\/12\/05\/antivitaminy\/"},"modified":"2025-07-15T10:28:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T08:28:08","slug":"antivitaminy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/antivitaminy\/","title":{"rendered":"Antivitaminy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Co jsou <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips166'>antivitaminy<\/span> a ve kter\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch se vyskytuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>Antivitami<span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/antinutricni%20latky.jpg\" alt=\"antinutricni latky\" width=\"78\" height=\"68\" \/><\/span>ny (neboli antagonist\u00e9 vitamin\u016f) jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem br\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed vitamin\u016f z potravy \u010di blokuj\u00ed jejich biologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Kone\u010dn\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e projev nedostatku ur\u010dit\u00e9ho vitaminu.<\/div>\n<p>Mechanismus p\u016fsoben\u00ed antivitamin\u016f je zalo\u017een na t\u011bchto hlavn\u00edch principech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>P\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed vitaminy na ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, nap\u0159\u00edklad thiamin\u00e1zy degraduj\u00ed vitamin B1, lipoxygen\u00e1zy &#8211; vitamin A.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Tvo\u0159\u00ed nevyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 komplexy (celky) s vitaminy &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad vaje\u010dn\u00e1 b\u00edlkovina avidin tvo\u0159\u00ed komplex s biotinem, linatin s vitaminem B6.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Reaguj\u00ed s b\u00edlkovinami, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vitaminy v t\u011ble &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad antivitaminem vitaminu B1 je oxythiamin, antivitaminem vitaminu A je citral.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed dv\u011b skupiny antivitamin\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z potravin odstranit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi kulin\u00e1rn\u00edmi postupy &#8211; v dom\u00e1c\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch je to tepeln\u00e1 \u00faprava, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed jejich zni\u010den\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed skupinu antivitamin\u016f, takzvan\u00e9 <strong>prav\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips166'>antivitaminy<\/span><\/strong>, nelze b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi postupy odstranit \u010di zni\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips166'>antivitaminy<\/span> v potravin\u00e1ch:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Vitamin B1:<\/em> Zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips166'>antivitaminy<\/span> vitaminu B1 jsou oxythiamin (vyskytuje se nap\u0159. v pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9m ko\u0159en\u00ed) a thiamin\u00e1zy (nap\u0159. v syrov\u00e9m mase sladkovodn\u00edch a n\u011bkter\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ryb, ml\u017e\u016f, v syrov\u00fdch vnit\u0159nostech hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, r\u00fd\u017eov\u00fdch slupk\u00e1ch, \u010derven\u00e9 \u0159ep\u011b, r\u016f\u017ei\u010dkov\u00e9 kapust\u011b, semenech pohanky a n\u011bkter\u00fdch bobulovin\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n<p><em>Vitamin B6:<\/em> Nap\u0159\u00edklad <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips165'>aminokyselina<\/span> linatin vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve ln\u011bn\u00e9m sem\u00ednku.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vitamin C:<\/em> Za <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips166'>antivitaminy<\/span> se pova\u017euj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na r\u016fzn\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzymy<\/span> (oxidoredukt\u00e1zy) uplat\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se v metabolismu vitaminu C \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a rostlin &#8211; nap\u0159. askorb\u00e1toxidasa, superoxiddismutasa aj. vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v n\u011bkter\u00e9m ovoci a zelenin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vitamin B12:<\/em> Nap\u0159\u00edklad <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips79'>kyselina chlorgenov\u00e1<\/span> v cibuli.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vitamin A:<\/em> Nap\u0159\u00edklad lipoxigen\u00e1zy vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v s\u00f3jov\u00fdch bobech nebo citral v citrusov\u00e9m ovoci.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vitamin K:<\/em> Za antagonisty K je dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1na v\u011bt\u0161ina kumarin\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dikumarol, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed v zapa\u0159en\u00e9m jeteli. Kumarin je p\u0159\u00edtomen tak\u00e9 v ma\u0159ince vonn\u00e9 a levandulov\u00e9m oleji.<\/p>\n<p>O dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch s antinutri\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem se do\u010dtete v \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/116\/\">P\u0159irozen\u00e9 antinutri\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky v potravin\u00e1ch. <\/a><\/p>\n<p>O toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch v potravin\u00e1ch se do\u010dtete v \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/141\/\">P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v potravin\u00e1ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Dost\u00e1lov\u00e1 J. Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 hodnoty kravsk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka a s\u00f3jov\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f. \u00dastav chemie a anal\u00fdzy potravin V\u0160CHT, Praha\u00a0 <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agaris.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>http:\/\/www.agaris.cz<\/em><\/a><br \/>\n<em>Vel\u00ed\u0161ek J. Chemie potravin 2; str. 2. Ossis, T\u00e1bor 1999.<br \/>\nVel\u00ed\u0161ek J. Chemie potravin 3; str. 68-71. Ossis, T\u00e1bor 1999.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips79','Kyselina chlorgenov\u00e1 je l\u00e1tka se siln\u00fdmi antioxida\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips165','Aminokyseliny jsou dus\u00edkat\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (obsahuj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e dus\u00edk). Jsou to stavebn\u00ed prvky b\u00edlkovin, obsahuj\u00ed je v\u0161echny \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips166','Antivitaminy jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 ru\u0161\u00ed funkci vitamin\u016f nebo sni\u017euj\u00ed \u010di zcela zabra\u0148uj\u00ed jejich vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u011ble.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips169','Aminokyseliny jsou organick\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed aminoskupinu -NH2. Aminokyseliny jsou z\u00e1kladem b\u00edlkovin a \u201estavebn\u00edm kamenem\u201c v\u0161ech \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips194','Kulin\u00e1rn\u00ed vlastnosti = vlastnosti p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b pokrm\u016f, p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips280','Enzymy jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed a urychluj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips295','Biotin se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 vitam\u00edn H. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi vitam\u00edny skupiny B. Poskytuje ho vaje\u010dn\u00fd \u017eloutek, j\u00e1tra, jeho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem jsou st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co jsou antivitminy a ve kter\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch se vyskytuj\u00ed.<br \/>\nAntivitaminy (neboli antagonist\u00e9 vitamin\u016f) jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem br\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed vitamin\u016f z potravy \u010di blokuj\u00ed jejich biologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Kone\u010dn\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e projev nedostatku ur\u010dit\u00e9ho vitaminu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vitaminy-a-antioxidanty"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=528"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1675,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528\/revisions\/1675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}