{"id":545,"date":"2018-12-03T10:57:37","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T09:57:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2018\/12\/03\/metanol-neni-etanol\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:16","slug":"metanol-neni-etanol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/metanol-neni-etanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Metanol nen\u00ed etanol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O metanolu, jeho \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch na zdrav\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e9m riziku otravy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Konzumace <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span> z neprov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f s sebou nese riziko, \u017ee krom\u011b etanolu vypijeme tak\u00e9 metanol, jeho\u017e po\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro \u010dlov\u011bka smrteln\u00e9. V roce 2012 u n\u00e1s vypukla tzv. &#8222;metanolov\u00e1 af\u00e9ra&#8220;, kterou odstartovala smrt mu\u017ee v Hav\u00ed\u0159ov\u011b, kter\u00fd se otr\u00e1vil po konzumaci tvrd\u00e9ho <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span> s obsahem metanolu. Po n\u011bm n\u00e1sledovaly des\u00edtky dal\u0161\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Metanol je chemik\u00e1lie \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Metanol je chemick\u00e1 slou\u010denina zna\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e1 etanolu \u2013 barvou, chut\u00ed i v\u016fn\u00ed. S etanolem si ale na rozd\u00edl od metanolu na\u0161e t\u011blo um\u00ed docela dob\u0159e poradit \u2013 p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed ho na ne\u0161kodnou kyselinu octovou. Metanol je ale t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek. Jeho p\u0159em\u011bnou v t\u011ble vznik\u00e1 kyselina mraven\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je pro \u010dlov\u011bka vysoce jedovat\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Projevy i n\u00e1sledky otravy<\/strong> metanolem z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a vznikaj\u00ed postupn\u011b, v z\u00e1vislosti na rychlosti, s jakou na\u0161e t\u011blo p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje metanol na kyselinu mraven\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b za 8\u201330 hodin se objevuj\u00ed z\u00e1vrat\u011b, bolesti hlavy, zmatenost, poruchy pam\u011bti, mlhav\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed, nevolnosti, zvracen\u00ed a bolesti b\u0159icha. P\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 otrav\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke k\u0159e\u010d\u00edm a\u017e bezv\u011bdom\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm poruch\u00e1m zraku, kter\u00e9 mohou skon\u010dit slepotou. Smrt hroz\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00edm d\u00fdchac\u00edch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jako <strong>smrteln\u00e1 d\u00e1vka<\/strong> pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho se uv\u00e1d\u00ed 30 \u2013 100 ml \u010dist\u00e9ho metanolu, ale byla pops\u00e1na smrt dokonce i po 6 \u2013 10 ml. Mezi trval\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky otravy pat\u0159\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku a\u017e slepota, nervov\u00e9 poruchy, jako je t\u0159es, ztuhlost, zm\u011bny osobnosti apod.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem l\u00e9\u010dby je co nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed etanolu nebo jin\u00e9ho antidota (protijedu), nap\u0159. fomepizolu. Ji\u017e p\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed na otravu metanolem se jako prvn\u00ed pomoc doporu\u010duje d\u00e1t dosp\u011bl\u00e9 osob\u011b vyp\u00edt 150 \u2013 200 ml kvalitn\u00edho a prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho tvrd\u00e9ho <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span>, nap\u0159. ko\u0148aku.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/em><\/strong><br \/><em>Hl\u00e1sensk\u00fd, V., V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed d\u00e9mona, Zdravotnick\u00e9 noviny, 48\/2003, s. 14-17<\/em><br \/><em>Odborn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro intoxikaci \u2013 metanol (methanol, methylalkohol, d\u0159evn\u00fd l\u00edh, CH3OH). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tis-cz.cz\">Toxikologick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edisko<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O metanolu, jeho \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch na zdrav\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e9m riziku otravy.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nKonzumace alkoholu z neprov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f s sebou nese riziko, \u017ee krom\u011b etanolu vypijeme tak\u00e9 metanol, jeho\u017e po\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro \u010dlov\u011bka smrteln\u00e9. V roce 2012 u n\u00e1s vypukla tzv. &#8222;metanolov\u00e1 af\u00e9ra&#8220;, kterou odstartovala smrt mu\u017ee v Hav\u00ed\u0159ov\u011b, kter\u00fd se otr\u00e1vil po konzumaci tvrd\u00e9ho alkoholu s obsahem metanolu. Po n\u011bm n\u00e1sledovaly des\u00edtky dal\u0161\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed. \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pokozeni-zpsobena-alkoholem"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1042,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions\/1042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}