{"id":547,"date":"2018-12-03T09:12:39","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T08:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2018\/12\/03\/jak-muzeme-sami-ovlivnit-rozvoj-aterosklerozy\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:33","slug":"jak-muzeme-sami-ovlivnit-rozvoj-aterosklerozy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/jak-muzeme-sami-ovlivnit-rozvoj-aterosklerozy\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak m\u016f\u017eeme sami ovlivnit rozvoj ateroskler\u00f3zy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Jak se sami m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed ateroskler\u00f3zou a nemocemi srdce a c\u00e9v.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/nemoci\/srdce.jpg\" alt=\"srdce\" width=\"80\" height=\"99\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ateroskler\u00f3za se m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt nen\u00e1padn\u011b rozv\u00edjet ji\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi stravovac\u00edmi n\u00e1vyky a dostate\u010dnou pohybovou aktivitou m\u016f\u017eeme jej\u00ed rozvoj ovlivnit. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat, jak na to.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vysok\u00e1 hladina <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> a tuk\u016f v krvi<\/strong> v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v. pravideln\u00e9 kontroly krevn\u00edho <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> a tuk\u016f jsou proto velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prevence. Ka\u017ed\u00fd by m\u011bl hladinu <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> a tuk\u016f ve sv\u00e9 krvi zn\u00e1t a, i kdy\u017e je v\u00a0norm\u011b, alespo\u0148 1x za 2 roky si ji nechat znovu zm\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n<p>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny v\u00a0krvi lze krom\u011b farmakologick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby (pomoc\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f) v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit \u00fapravou \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. \u00daprava \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy zahrnuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bnu stravovac\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed, za\u0159azen\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 pohybov\u00e9 aktivity, udr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti \u010di jej\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (\u010dasto sta\u010d\u00ed o 5 a\u017e 10 %) a zanech\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zabr\u00e1nit nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edjmu energie (nerovnov\u00e1ze mezi p\u0159\u00edjmem a v\u00fddejem). Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed je prevence nadv\u00e1hy a obezity, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jejich adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba. J\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek by m\u011bl obsahovat \u201ezdrav\u00e9\u201c tuky. Pacienti by se m\u011bli vyvarovat potravin\u00e1m s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm obsahem <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span>, nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, trans izomer\u016f mastn\u00fdch kyselin a jednoduch\u00fdch cukr\u016f. Ovoce, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zelenina by se m\u011bly j\u00edst n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t denn\u011b, nejl\u00e9pe v\u00a0p\u011bti a v\u00edce denn\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch. Vhodn\u00e9 je do stravy za\u0159adit tak\u00e9 o\u0159echy, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, ryby a dr\u016fbe\u017e. B\u00edl\u00e9 pe\u010divo by m\u011blo b\u00fdt nahrazeno celozrnn\u00fdm. Doporu\u010duje se co nejmen\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem tu\u010dn\u00e9ho masa, m\u00e1sla, jemn\u00fdch obiln\u00fdch produkt\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b b\u00edl\u00e9ho chleba, rohl\u00edk\u016f, housek) a cukru. Takov\u00fd j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek by m\u011bl v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko ateroskler\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips12'>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina HDL-<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span><\/span> <\/strong>p\u016fsob\u00ed jako ochrana proti ateroskler\u00f3ze. Lze ji \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it fyzickou aktivitou, jako je rychl\u00e1 ch\u016fze, plav\u00e1n\u00ed, jogging \u010di j\u00edzda na kole, doporu\u010duje se pravideln\u011b 30 minut 4-5x t\u00fddn\u011b. Tak\u00e9 pokles t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti je prov\u00e1zen vzestupem HDL-<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span>. Pokles hmotnosti o 5 kg zvy\u0161uje HDL o 0,05 mmol\/l a sni\u017euje riziko srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed o 5 %. U kou\u0159en\u00ed plat\u00ed, \u017ee sni\u017euje HDL-<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>Cholesterol<\/span>, a to jak aktivn\u00ed tak pasivn\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 \u00faprava stravy. Omezit by se m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> (vnit\u0159nosti, tu\u010dn\u00e9 maso, uzeniny a sal\u00e1my, tu\u010dn\u00e9 ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, \u017eloutky, m\u00e1slo, kokos, sladkosti, \u010dokol\u00e1da). Podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f n\u011bkter\u00fdch studi\u00ed zvy\u0161uje HDL-<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>Cholesterol<\/span> kyselina olejov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e v olivov\u00e9m oleji.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak <\/strong>m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejen p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou ateroskler\u00f3zy, ale m\u016f\u017ee ji i d\u00e1le zhor\u0161ovat. V\u00fdskyt srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je u osob s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm krevn\u00edm tlakem a\u017e 5x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u zdrav\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f pro n\u00e1r\u016fst krevn\u00edho tlaku je <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 t\u011blesn\u00e1 hmotnost<\/strong>. Dal\u0161\u00edm je vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 soli a konzumace <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span>. Denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span> je t\u0159eba co nejv\u00edce omezit a s\u016fl nahradit ko\u0159en\u00edm \u010di n\u00e1hra\u017ekami soli.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cukrovka <\/strong>(diabetes) je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips23'>ischemick\u00e9 choroby srde\u010dn\u00ed<\/span>. Je sice l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1, ale nikoli vyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1, proto je u diabetik\u016f dvojn\u00e1sob d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vylou\u010dit ostatn\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 faktory. Na onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v um\u00edr\u00e1 75 % v\u0161ech diabetik\u016f. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi kameny ochrany je u diabetik\u016f sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hmotnosti u ob\u00e9zn\u00edch, zanech\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed u ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pohybov\u00e9 aktivity u fyzicky neaktivn\u00edch a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny cukru v norm\u011b. Diabetick\u00e1 dieta je dieta s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem energie a l\u00e9ka\u0159 p\u0159esn\u011b stanovuje mno\u017estv\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span> a to podle toho, jak moc reduk\u010dn\u00ed dieta mus\u00ed b\u00fdt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kou\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> \u0161kod\u00ed nejen plic\u00edm, ale i srdci a c\u00e9v\u00e1m. Zvy\u0161uje riziko v\u0161ech komplikac\u00ed ateroskler\u00f3zy. Na c\u00e9vy p\u016fsob\u00ed toxicky p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nikotin a oxid uhelnat\u00fd. Je mo\u017eno je ovlivnit jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem: p\u0159estat kou\u0159it. Neexistuje mezistupe\u0148 mezi ku\u0159\u00e1kem a neku\u0159\u00e1kem. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 vykou\u0159en\u00e1 cigareta zvy\u0161uje riziko komplikac\u00ed ateroskler\u00f3zy. Dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je, \u017ee asi 2 roky po zanech\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed se riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na riziko neku\u0159\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita <\/strong>znamen\u00e1 pro srdce pr\u00e1ci nav\u00edc, v\u00fdskyt srde\u010dn\u00edch infarkt\u016f je u ob\u00e9zn\u00edch \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u osob s p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou hmotnost\u00ed. S obezitou je nav\u00edc spojen\u00fd vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> a tuk\u016f v krvi. Velk\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm centr\u00e1ln\u00ed obezita, tuk nahromad\u011bn\u00fd v b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed oblasti. Terapie se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zm\u011bnu stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 aktivity a behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed intervenci (ta vych\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee nevhodn\u00e9 pohybov\u00e9 a stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky jsou nau\u010den\u00e9 a je mo\u017en\u00e9 se je odnau\u010dit). Rozhodn\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed dr\u017eet kr\u00e1tkodobou dietu, ale je nutno \u00fapln\u011b zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti o 5-10 % v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje riziko vzniku ateroskler\u00f3zy a jej\u00edch komplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nedostatek pohybu<\/strong> zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku srde\u010dn\u00edch a c\u00e9vn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pohyb by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pravideln\u00fd a odpov\u00eddat zdravotn\u00edmu stavu jedince. P\u0159i cvi\u010den\u00ed je t\u0159eba zvolit spr\u00e1vn\u00fd druh pohybu a intenzitu cvi\u010den\u00ed. Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika ateroskler\u00f3zy sta\u010d\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 intenzita cvi\u010den\u00ed, nap\u0159. rychl\u00e1 ch\u016fze, plav\u00e1n\u00ed nebo j\u00edzda na kole, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 alespo\u0148 30 minut 4-5x t\u00fddn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vyskytuje-li se u n\u011bkoho v\u00edce rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b, jejich efekt se nes\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, ale n\u00e1sob\u00ed.<\/strong> Proto p\u0159i vylou\u010den\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9ho rizikov\u00e9ho faktoru se progn\u00f3za pacient\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u011b zlep\u0161uje.<\/p>\n<p>Co je ateroskler\u00f3za a jak\u00e9 nemoci zp\u016fsobuje, se dozv\u00edte <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/126\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips12','Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina HDL-cholesterolu je u  mu\u017e\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1,0 a u \u017een nad 1,3 mmol\/l.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips23','Ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed (ICHS) je spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro skupinu chorob, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se sni\u017euje pr\u016ftok krve srde\u010dn\u00edm svalem z d\u016fvodu z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fsvitu c\u00e9v. \u0158ad\u00edme sem nap\u0159\u00edklad srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt a anginu pectoris. P\u0159\u00edznaky ischemick\u00e9 choroby srde\u010dn\u00ed se u jednotliv\u00fdch forem li\u0161\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou dominuje bolest na hrudi, pocit du\u0161nosti a \u00fazkost.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak se sami m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed ateroskler\u00f3zou a nemocemi srdce a c\u00e9v.<br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\nAteroskler\u00f3za se m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt nen\u00e1padn\u011b rozv\u00edjet ji\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi stravovac\u00edmi n\u00e1vyky a dostate\u010dnou pohybovou aktivitou m\u016f\u017eeme jej\u00ed rozvoj ovlivnit. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat, jak na to.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ateroskleroza"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=547"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1539,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/547\/revisions\/1539"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}