{"id":552,"date":"2018-01-18T09:41:16","date_gmt":"2018-01-18T08:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2018\/01\/18\/jake-ziviny-jsou-pro-poceti-dulezite\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:16","slug":"jake-ziviny-jsou-pro-poceti-dulezite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/jake-ziviny-jsou-pro-poceti-dulezite\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 \u017eiviny jsou pro po\u010det\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

O tom, kter\u00e9 \u017eiviny mohou m\u00edt vliv na plodnost mu\u017ee i \u017eeny<\/span> a m\u011bli bychom je vhodn\u011b dopl\u0148ovat ji\u017e p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj pohlavn\u00edch bun\u011bk u obou partner\u016f a pro p\u0159\u00edpravu organizmu \u017eeny na t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjem kyseliny listov\u00e9, \u017eeleza, zinku, v\u00e1pn\u00edku, selenu, vitaminu D, E, omega-3 nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/span> a j\u00f3du<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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Kyselina listov\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro tvorbu nukleov\u00fdch kyselin, d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk, r\u016fst plodu a spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj nervov\u00e9 soustavy plodu. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vliv kyseliny listov\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, \u017eena by ji proto m\u011bla p\u0159ij\u00edmat alespo\u0148 3 m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ed po\u010det\u00edm 400 \u00b5g na den. Vhodn\u00fdm zdrojem jsou listov\u00e1 a tmav\u011b zelen\u00e1 zelenina, \u010derven\u00e1 \u0159epa, raj\u010data, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny, n\u011bkter\u00e9 o\u0159echy a ovoce, j\u00e1tra, kvasnice.<\/p>\n

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\u017delezo<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem a n\u00edzk\u00e1 z\u00e1soba \u017eeleza na po\u010d\u00e1tku t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed porodn\u00ed hmotnosti, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu porodu a opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji nervov\u00e9 soustavy d\u00edt\u011bte. \u017deleza je v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed pot\u0159eba v\u00edce pro r\u016fst a v\u00fd\u017eivu placenty, plodu i pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd po\u010det \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek matky. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 d\u00e1vka v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je 20 mg \u017eeleza na den, pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob \u017eeleza p\u0159ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm sta\u010d\u00ed denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka 15 mg \u017eeleza. Vhodn\u00fdm zdrojem jsou maso, vnit\u0159nosti, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, tmav\u011b zelen\u00e1 zelenina.<\/p>\n

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Zinek<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Zinek je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj spermi\u00ed i vaj\u00ed\u010dek, pro udr\u017een\u00ed hladiny mu\u017esk\u00fdch i \u017eensk\u00fdch hormon\u016f<\/span>. Nedostatek zinku p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k neplodnosti, zvy\u0161uje u \u017een riziko \u010dasn\u00e9ho potratu, u mu\u017e\u016f se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det nespr\u00e1vn\u011b vyvinut\u00fdch spermi\u00ed. Doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem zinku v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je 14 mg denn\u011b, p\u0159ed po\u010det\u00edm je doporu\u010deno p\u0159ij\u00edmat alespo\u0148 7 mg zinku denn\u011b u \u017een a 10 mg zinku denn\u011b u mu\u017e\u016f. Vhodn\u00fdmi zdroji jsou mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody, \u010derven\u00e9 maso, j\u00e1tra, \u017eloutek, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, o\u0159echy a semena.  <\/p>\n

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V\u00e1pn\u00edk<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e1pn\u00edk ovliv\u0148uje pohyblivost spermi\u00ed a je pro spermie nutn\u00fd k pr\u016fniku do vaj\u00ed\u010dka.  \u017den\u00e1m pl\u00e1nuj\u00edc\u00edm po\u010det\u00ed je doporu\u010deno p\u0159ijmout ve strav\u011b 1000 mg v\u00e1pn\u00edku denn\u011b ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika \u010dasn\u00e9ho potratu. Vhodn\u00fdmi zdroji jsou ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, sardinky, o\u0159echy a semena, kapusta, zel\u00ed, r\u016f\u017ei\u010dkov\u00e1 kapusta, brokolice a tak\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 n\u00e1poje obohacen\u00e9 v\u00e1pn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n

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Selen<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Selen je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd antioxidant<\/span>, je nutn\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj spermi\u00ed a vaj\u00ed\u010dek. P\u0159i nedostatku kles\u00e1 jak po\u010det zdrav\u00fdch spermi\u00ed, tak jejich pohyblivost, stoup\u00e1 riziko v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch, kter\u00e9 vedou k \u010dasn\u00e9mu potratu. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 d\u00e1vka selenu je 30 \u2013 70 \u00b5g na den, vhodn\u00fdm zdrojem jsou para o\u0159echy, ryby, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody, maso, vnit\u0159nosti, \u017eloutek, n\u011bkter\u00e9 s\u00fdry.<\/p>\n

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Vitamin D<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Vitamin D je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro tvorbu \u017eensk\u00fdch i mu\u017esk\u00fdch hormon\u016f<\/span>, u mu\u017e\u016f p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu spermatu, u \u017een sni\u017euje riziko endometri\u00f3zy (nemoc, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 roste d\u011blo\u017en\u00ed sliznice i mimo d\u011blohu, \u010dasto spojeno s neplodnost\u00ed). D\u016fle\u017eitou roli m\u00e1 vitamin D p\u0159i r\u016fstu bun\u011bk. U \u017een je n\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina vitaminu D spojov\u00e1na s poruchami funkce vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a polycystick\u00fdmi vaje\u010dn\u00edky. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 d\u00e1vka vitaminu D je 20 \u00b5g na den. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem je tvorba vitaminu D v k\u016f\u017ei po oslun\u011bn\u00ed, z potravin pak tu\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ryby, \u017eloutek, j\u00e1tra.<\/p>\n

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Vitamin E<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

Vitamin E p\u016fsob\u00ed jako antioxidant<\/span>, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci prostaty, jeho dostatek sni\u017euje riziko potratu a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho porodu. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka je 14 mg pro mu\u017ee, 12 mg pro \u017eeny p\u0159ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm a 13 mg v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. Vitamin E z\u00edsk\u00e1me z o\u0159ech\u016f, semen, ara\u0161\u00edd\u016f, rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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Omega-3 tuky<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Mu\u017ei s n\u00edzk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem omega-3 nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/span> (MK) maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det nespr\u00e1vn\u011b tvarovan\u00fdch spermi\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017eenou schopnost\u00ed oplodnit vaj\u00ed\u010dko. \u017deny s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem omega-3 MK maj\u00ed o 50 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed riziko endometri\u00f3zy. P\u0159\u00edjem t\u011bchto kyselin je u n\u00e1s nedostate\u010dn\u00fd. Omega-3 MK n\u00e1m poskytuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na tu\u010dn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ryby, \u0159epkov\u00fd olej, ln\u011bn\u00e9 a konopn\u00e9 sem\u00ednko a oleje z nich, avok\u00e1do.<\/p>\n

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J\u00f3d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

J\u00f3d je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hormon\u016f<\/span> \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, nutn\u00fdch pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd t\u011blesn\u00fd a du\u0161evn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. Nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvod j\u00f3du<\/span> je plod v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed (vede p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k poru\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje plodu s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm intelektu, nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed formou posti\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tzv. kretenizmus), proto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt jeho dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem zaji\u0161t\u011bn ji\u017e p\u0159ed po\u010det\u00edm. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je 220 mikrogram\u016f j\u00f3du<\/span>. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159irozen\u00fdm zdrojem jsou mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ryby, d\u00e1le ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a obohacen\u00e1 kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u016fl. T\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny mohou tak\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvat j\u00f3dov\u00e9 tablety nebo obohacen\u00e9 potraviny.<\/p>\n

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Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Alwan, N.A., Greenwood, D.C., et al.: Dietary iron intake during early pregnancy and birth outcomes in a cohort of British women, Human Reproduction Journal, Vol. 26 (4), p. 911-919.<\/em><\/span>
Hronek, M.: V\u00fd\u017eiva \u017eeny v obdob\u00edch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a kojen\u00ed. 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Maxdorf, 2004, 316 s. ISBN: 978-80-7345-013-7<\/em><\/span>
Jensen, T.K., Andersson, A.M. et al.:Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men, Fertility and Sterility, 2004, Vol. 82 (4), p. 863-870.<\/em><\/span>
Mc Guire, M., Cleary, B., Sahm, L., Murphy, D.J.: Prevalence and predictors of periconceptional folic acid uptake – prospective cohort study in an Irish urban obstetric population, Human Reproduction Journal, Vol. 25 (2), p. 535-543.<\/em><\/span>
M\u00fcllerov\u00e1, D.: V\u00fd\u017eiva t\u011bhotn\u00fdch a koj\u00edc\u00edch \u017een. 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Mlad\u00e1 fronta, 2004,119 s. ISBN:  ISBN 80-204-1023-6<\/em><\/span>
Moslemi, M.K., Tavanbakhsh, S.: Selenium\u2013vitamin E supplementation in infertile men: effects on semen parameters and pregnancy rate, Int J Gen Med, 2011;4: p. 99-104.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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