{"id":594,"date":"2015-04-13T12:47:55","date_gmt":"2015-04-13T10:47:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2015\/04\/13\/vyziva-kojicich-zen\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:15","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:15","slug":"vyziva-kojicich-zen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/vyziva-kojicich-zen\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fd\u017eiva koj\u00edc\u00edch \u017een"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #0033cc\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/obrazky\/brokolice%20v%20hrnci.jpg\" alt=\"brokolice v hrnci\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #0033cc\">O<\/span><span style=\"color: #0033cc\"> t<\/span><span style=\"color: #0033cc\">om, jak\u00e9 potraviny jsou vhodn\u00e9 a naopak nevhodn\u00e9 pro koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny a jak by m\u011bl spr\u00e1vn\u011b vypadat jejich j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek tak, aby co nejv\u00edce podpo\u0159il zdrav\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed maminky i d\u00edt\u011bte a ta<\/span><span style=\"color: #0033cc\">k\u00e9 podpo\u0159il tvorbu a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Odborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed kojen\u00ed jako nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob v\u00fd\u017eivy d\u00edt\u011bte v prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivota. Kojen\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eiva mate\u0159sk\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem maj\u00ed pro matku i d\u00edt\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdhod \u2013 v\u00edce se o nich m\u016f\u017eete do\u010d\u00edst <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/blog\/category\/vyivova-doporueni\/vyznam-a-podpora-kojeni\/\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tvorba mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka ovlivn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu \u017eivin v t\u011ble matky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mate\u0159sk\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v prsu \u017eeny (v\u00a0ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1ze) vlivem hormonu prolaktinu. Do\u00a0mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed z krve matky tekutiny a v nich rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u017eiviny \u2013 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharidy<\/span>, b\u00edlkoviny, tuky, vitaminy a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Z krve do ml\u00e9ka tak\u00e9 p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad protil\u00e1tky a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 slo\u017eky. \u017diviny, kter\u00e9 jsou z krve koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny od\u010derp\u00e1ny, mus\u00ed jej\u00ed t\u011blo co nejrychleji doplnit z ulo\u017een\u00fdch z\u00e1sob nebo ze \u017eivin z\u00edskan\u00fdch z potravy. Pokud nem\u00e1 koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun v\u0161ech \u017eivin ve strav\u011b, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jejich z\u00e1sob v t\u011ble a ohro\u017een\u00ed jej\u00edho zdrav\u00ed. Proto je pot\u0159eba db\u00e1t na pestr\u00fd a spr\u00e1vn\u011b slo\u017een\u00fd j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek koj\u00edc\u00edch matek.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pot\u0159eba energie u koj\u00edc\u00edch \u017een<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena m\u00e1 <strong>lehce zv\u00fd\u0161enou pot\u0159ebu energie<\/strong>, a to asi o 300 \u2013 500 kcal denn\u011b oproti dob\u011b p\u0159ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>500\u00a0kcal p\u0159edstavuje nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>st\u0159edn\u00ed ban\u00e1n (180\u00a0g) + 200\u00a0g ovocn\u00e9ho jogurtu + 30\u00a0g ovesn\u00fdch vlo\u010dek<\/li>\n<li>60\u00a0g konzumn\u00edho chleba + 10\u00a0g margar\u00ednu, po 2 pl\u00e1tc\u00edch v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0161unky a eidamu s 30\u00a0% t.v.s., raj\u010de (80\u00a0g)<\/li>\n<li>celozrnn\u00e1 bulka (60\u00a0g) s pl\u00e1tky uzen\u00e9ho lososa (100\u00a0g), \u017eerv\u00e9 (30\u00a0g), ledov\u00fd sal\u00e1t (30\u00a0g) + 250\u00a0ml jable\u010dn\u00e9 100\u00a0% \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy<\/li>\n<li>t\u011bstovinov\u00fd sal\u00e1t: po 100\u00a0g \u010derven\u00e9 papriky, okurky a raj\u010dat, va\u0159en\u00e9 t\u011bstoviny (140\u00a0g) + 10\u00a0g \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje, s\u016fl, l\u017ei\u010dka citronov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pot\u0159eba b\u00edlkovin v obdob\u00ed kojen\u00ed stoup\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed kv\u016fli tvorb\u011b ml\u00e9ka v\u00edce b\u00edlkovin. Spole\u010dnost pro v\u00fd\u017eivu doporu\u010duje koj\u00edc\u00edm \u017een\u00e1m v souladu s d\u00e1vkami DACH p\u0159idat k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e1vce b\u00edlkovin nav\u00edc 2 gramy b\u00edlkovin na 100 g vyprodukovan\u00e9ho mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka na den.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00edlkoviny si na\u0161e t\u011blo do z\u00e1soby ukl\u00e1dat neum\u00ed, ani je nedok\u00e1\u017ee z\u00edskat z jin\u00fdch \u017eivin, proto jich mus\u00ed b\u00fdt denn\u011b ve strav\u011b dostatek.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>P\u0159ednostn\u011b maj\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny konzumovat:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>libov\u00e9 maso: hov\u011bz\u00ed, dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed, kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00ed, ob\u010das zv\u011b\u0159inu, m\u00e9n\u011b pak vep\u0159ov\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>ryby: alespo\u0148 2 porce t\u00fddn\u011b s ohledem <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips147'>na obsah rtuti<\/span><\/li>\n<li>lu\u0161t\u011bniny: alespo\u0148 2 porce t\u00fddn\u011b<\/li>\n<li>lu\u0161t\u011bniny je pot\u0159eba omezit v prvn\u00edch 3 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch po porodu kv\u016fli nad\u00fdmav\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do ml\u00e9ka a p\u016fsob\u00ed kojenci bolesti b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ka<\/li>\n<li>ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahem tuku: 2 \u2013 3 porce denn\u011b<\/li>\n<li>vejce (v takov\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, aby celkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> nep\u0159ekra\u010doval 300\u00a0mg denn\u011b)<\/li>\n<li>neochucen\u00e9 o\u0159echy a semena: hrst denn\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem tuk\u016f v dob\u011b kojen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena by m\u011bla z tuk\u016f p\u0159ij\u00edmat nanejv\u00fd\u0161 30\u00a0% energie, stejn\u011b jako v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a p\u0159ed n\u00edm. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem je spojen se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem obezity, vysok\u00e9 hladiny <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span> a triglycerid\u016f a se zdravotn\u00edmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi, kter\u00e9 s nimi souvisej\u00ed. Nejv\u00fd\u0161e t\u0159etina v\u0161ech p\u0159ijat\u00fdch tuk\u016f m\u00e1 b\u00fdt slo\u017eena z\u00a0nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, asi 7 \u2013 10 % energie m\u00e1 poch\u00e1zet z\u00a0v\u00edcenenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a010 \u2013 13\u00a0% z mononenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Proto m\u00e1 koj\u00edc\u00ed maminka omezit v\u00a0j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku zdroje <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips146'>nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/span>: up\u0159ednostnit libov\u00e9 maso p\u0159ed tu\u010dn\u00fdm, omezit masn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky (uzeniny, pa\u0161tiky apod.), tu\u010dn\u00e9 ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, rychl\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed, cukrovinky s\u00a0kokosov\u00fdm a\u00a0palmov\u00fdm tukem, sma\u017een\u00e9 pokrmy. Naopak je pot\u0159eba denn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmat nenasycen\u00e9 tuky z\u00a0kvalitn\u00edch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips297'>olej\u016f<\/span>, ryb, semen a\u00a0o\u0159ech\u016f. O\u0159echy a semena maj\u00ed b\u00fdt pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny denn\u011b v mno\u017estv\u00ed asi 30\u00a0g (men\u0161\u00ed hrst), kvalitn\u00ed oleje je vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1vat n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t denn\u011b v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed do pokrm\u016f, nejl\u00e9pe bez dal\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 \u00fapravy. Velmi vhodn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed m\u00e1 olej \u0159epkov\u00fd, ln\u011bn\u00fd, konopn\u00fd, olivov\u00fd, avok\u00e1dov\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159i kojen\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje pot\u0159eba n\u011bkter\u00fdch vitamin\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z vitamin\u016f se v dob\u011b kojen\u00ed navy\u0161uje pot\u0159eba vitaminu A a ve vod\u011b rozpustn\u00fdch vitamin\u016f \u2013 vitaminu\u00a0C a\u00a0vitamin\u016f skupiny B.<\/p>\n<p>Dostatek jich zajist\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem alespo\u0148 500\u00a0g \u010derstv\u00e9ho ovoce a zeleniny (vitamin C), ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, obilovin, lu\u0161t\u011bnin, ryb a masa (vitaminy skupiny B). Vitaminu A pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oproti dob\u011b p\u0159ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm. Vhodn\u00e9 je konzumovat r\u016fznobarevn\u00e9 ovoce a zeleninu, proto\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed provitaminy A \u2013 karoteny (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm oran\u017eov\u00e9, \u017elut\u00e9 a tmav\u011b zelen\u00e9 druhy). Vitamin A poskytuje <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips233'>ryb\u00ed tuk<\/span>, m\u00e1slo, j\u00e1tra, \u017eloutek. Je tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 hl\u00eddat dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem vitaminu D, aby byl zaji\u0161t\u011bn spr\u00e1vn\u00fd metabolizmus v\u00e1pn\u00edku \u2013 nevyh\u00fdbat se slunci a alespo\u0148 2x t\u00fddn\u011b j\u00edst ryby.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pot\u0159eba miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i kojen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny v\u00edce \u017eeleza, jodu, fosforu, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku a zinku.\u00a0 Z\u00e1soba \u017eeleza v t\u011ble matky se na konci t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed hodn\u011b vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1, b\u011bhem kojen\u00ed je pot\u0159eba \u017eeleza zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 na 20 mg. Zdroje \u017eeleza je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ij\u00edmat denn\u011b: maso, ryby, \u017eloutek, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, j\u00e1tra, slune\u010dnicov\u00e9 sem\u00ednko, m\u00e1k, kakao. Dostatek <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips312'>j\u00f3du<\/span> (200 \u2013 260 \u00b5g na den) zajist\u00ed alespo\u0148 2 porce mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ryb za t\u00fdden a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jodovan\u00e9 soli. Pot\u0159eba fosforu je v dob\u011b kojen\u00ed asi 900 mg na den, do j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku ho dopln\u00ed lu\u0161t\u011bniny, o\u0159echy a semena (zejm\u00e9na d\u00fd\u0148ov\u00e1 semena a m\u00e1k), ryby, vnit\u0159nosti, s\u00fdry, vejce. Dostatek ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku (390 mg na den) z\u00edskaj\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny konzumac\u00ed o\u0159ech\u016f, m\u00e1ku, ban\u00e1n\u016f, celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin a lu\u0161t\u011bnin, tmav\u011b zelen\u00e9 zeleniny. Zinek pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed matky v d\u00e1vce asi 11 mg denn\u011b, jeho zdrojem jsou plody mo\u0159e, maso, j\u00e1tra, \u017eloutek, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, o\u0159echy a semena.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nutn\u00e9 je v obdob\u00ed kojen\u00ed <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161it tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjem tekutin<\/strong> \u2013 podle \u010detnosti kojen\u00ed, pohybov\u00e9 aktivity a dal\u0161\u00edch okolnost\u00ed m\u00e1 koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena p\u0159ijmout denn\u011b 2,5 \u2013 3,5\u00a0litru tekutin.<\/li>\n<li>Strava koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny m\u00e1 b\u00fdt lehce straviteln\u00e1 a <strong>s omezen\u00edm nad\u00fdmav\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na v prvn\u00edch 3 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch \u2013 omezit je pot\u0159eba lu\u0161t\u011bniny, nad\u00fdmavou zeleninu (cibuli, \u010desnek, kv\u011bt\u00e1k, zel\u00ed, kapustu apod.), kynut\u00e9 pe\u010divo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pot\u0159eba <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> se nem\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena m\u00e1 p\u0159ijmout denn\u011b alespo\u0148 25 \u2013 30\u00a0g <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> z ovoce, zeleniny, lu\u0161t\u011bnin a celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin.<\/li>\n<li>Koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny by m\u011bly ve strav\u011b <strong>omezit s\u016fl a slan\u00e9 potraviny, tu\u010dn\u00e9 potraviny, p\u0159idan\u00e9 cukry<\/strong> (sladkosti, sladk\u00e9 pe\u010divo, slazen\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, cukr apod.), <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips296'>kofein<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Se cvi\u010den\u00edm a hubnut\u00edm v dob\u011b kojen\u00ed opatrn\u011b<\/strong>! Velmi nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit chu\u0165 ml\u00e9ka (do ml\u00e9ka se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 kyselina ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1), d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee ml\u00e9ko odm\u00edtat. P\u0159i hubnut\u00ed tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do krve tak\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky rozpustn\u00e9 v tuc\u00edch (kter\u00e9 jsou v tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni dlouhodob\u011b ukl\u00e1dan\u00e9) a ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed mohou po\u0161kodit zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. Proto je vhodn\u00e9 udr\u017eovat p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou hmotnost ji\u017e p\u0159ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm a v jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhu nebo hubnout a\u017e po ukon\u010den\u00ed kojen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/obrazky\/kuracka.jpg\" alt=\"kuracka\" width=\"238\" height=\"291\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010c<\/strong><strong>emu se mus\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena vyh\u00fdbat?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span><\/strong>: V mate\u0159sk\u00e9m ml\u00e9ce se <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkohol<\/span> koncentruje v\u00edce ne\u017e v krvi, kojenec neum\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkohol<\/span> odbourat a o to v\u00fdrazn\u011bji po\u0161kozuje <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkohol<\/span> jeho zdrav\u00ed!<\/li>\n<li><strong>KOU\u0158EN\u00cd<\/strong>: Nikotin p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do ml\u00e9ka a po\u0161kozuje zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, ml\u00e9ko tak\u00e9 h\u016f\u0159e chutn\u00e1,<\/li>\n<li><strong>PSYCHOTROPN\u00cdM<\/strong> <strong>L\u00c1TK\u00c1M<\/strong>: Po\u0161kozuj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u016fsob\u00ed abstinen\u010dn\u00ed syndrom,<\/li>\n<li>Potravin\u00e1m, na kter\u00e9 je koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena alergick\u00e1, n\u011bkter\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky i <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips275'>alergeny<\/span> p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do ml\u00e9ka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em>M\u00fcllerov\u00e1, D.: V\u00fd\u017eiva t\u011bhotn\u00fdch a koj\u00edc\u00edch \u017een, 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Mlad\u00e1 fronta, 2004,119 s.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Kudlov\u00e1, E., Mydlilov\u00e1, A.: V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed do dvou let, 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Grada, 2005, 148s.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Schneiderov\u00e1, D. a kol.: Kojen\u00ed, 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Grada, 2002, 118s.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>European Food Safety Authority. (2010). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre, EFSA Journal 2010; 8(3):1462. Sta\u017eeno 24\/6 2014 z port\u00e1lu<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\">www.efsa.europa.eu<\/a> <\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>European Food Safety Authority. (2013). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for energy. EFSA Journal 2013,3;11(1):3005. Sta\u017eeno 24\/6 2014 z port\u00e1lu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\">www.efsa.europa.eu<\/a> <\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>European Food Safety Authority. (2010). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fat. EFSA Journal 2010, ; 8(3):1461. Sta\u017eeno 24\/6 2014 z port\u00e1lu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\">www.efsa.europa.eu<\/a> <\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>European Food Safety Authority. (2012). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein. EFSA Journal 2012,10(2):2557. Sta\u017eeno 24\/6 2014 z port\u00e1lu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\">www.efsa.europa.eu<\/a> <br \/><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips19','Nenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny se d\u011bl\u00ed na tzv. mononenasycen\u00e9 (s jednou n\u00e1sobnou vazbou) a polynenasycen\u00e9 (se dv\u011bma a v\u00edce n\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi vazbami). Mononenasycen\u00e9 MK se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako MUFA (z angl. mono-unsaturated fatty acids), polynenasycen\u00e9 jako PUFA (angl. poly-unsaturated fatty acids).'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips146','Nasycen\u00e9 tuky v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v. Vyskytuj\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuc\u00edch, kokosov\u00e9m a palmoj\u00e1drov\u00e9m tuku. Vysok\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad uzeniny, tu\u010dn\u00e1 masa a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem tuku (mimo jin\u00e9 smetana, \u0161leha\u010dka, smetanov\u00e9 jogurty, plnotu\u010dn\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko atd.), majon\u00e9za, rychl\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed, sma\u017een\u00e9 a fritovan\u00e9 potraviny, sladkosti apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips146','Nasycen\u00e9 tuky v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v. Vyskytuj\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuc\u00edch, kokosov\u00e9m a palmoj\u00e1drov\u00e9m tuku. Vysok\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad uzeniny, tu\u010dn\u00e1 masa a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem tuku (mimo jin\u00e9 smetana, \u0161leha\u010dka, smetanov\u00e9 jogurty, plnotu\u010dn\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko atd.), majon\u00e9za, rychl\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed, sma\u017een\u00e9 a fritovan\u00e9 potraviny, sladkosti apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips147','N\u00edzk\u00fd obsah rtuti m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad hejk, losos, kapr, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161tika, pstruh, sardinky \u010di treska.  Lehce zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd obsah rtuti m\u00e1 makrela nebo tu\u0148\u00e1k, jejich p\u0159\u00edjem je vhodn\u00fd nejv\u00fd\u0161e 1x t\u00fddn\u011b.  '); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips219','Vl\u00e1knina jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti rostlinn\u00fdch potravin, kter\u00e9 na\u0161e t\u011blo nedok\u00e1\u017ee rozlo\u017eit. \u010c\u00e1st vl\u00e1kniny \u0159ad\u00edme mezi sacharidy, \u010d\u00e1st je tvo\u0159ena jin\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi slou\u010deninami. Vl\u00e1knina m\u00e1 \u0159adu prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed \u2013 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 formov\u00e1n\u00ed stolice a pravideln\u00e9mu vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00e1\u017ee na sebe vodu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z\u00a0potravy, nap\u0159\u00edklad cholesterol.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips233','Ryb\u00ed tuk je velmi zdrav\u00fd, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 lidsk\u00e9mu t\u011blu tzv. omega3 nenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v, p\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 protisr\u00e1\u017eliv\u011b a protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u011b.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips275','Alergen je sou\u010d\u00e1st b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e1 spou\u0161t\u00ed obrannou reakci v t\u011ble alergika. Jako alergen p\u016fsob\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, negativn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00ed jen na jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed naru\u0161enou imunitu ve smyslu p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 citlivosti. Alergen\u016f je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a na r\u016fzn\u00e9 alergiky p\u016fsob\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 alergeny.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips275','Alergen je sou\u010d\u00e1st b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e1 spou\u0161t\u00ed obrannou reakci v t\u011ble alergika. Jako alergen p\u016fsob\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, negativn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00ed jen na jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed naru\u0161enou imunitu ve smyslu p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 citlivosti. Alergen\u016f je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a na r\u016fzn\u00e9 alergiky p\u016fsob\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 alergeny.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips296','Kofein je povzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi alkaloidy. Citlivost na kofein nen\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e1 podle v\u011bku. Mezi jeho \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky pat\u0159\u00ed povzbuzen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, odd\u00e1len\u00ed \u00fanavy, zbyst\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed koncentrace. P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu kofeinu se ale jeho \u00fa\u010dinky sni\u017euj\u00ed, ke stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku je pot\u0159eba vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka. \u00da\u010dinek kofeinu z \u010daje m\u00e1 pomalej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stup ne\u017e z k\u00e1vy, trv\u00e1 ale d\u00e9le. Mezi ne\u017e\u00e1douc?? \u00fa\u010dinky pt\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b bolesti \u017ealudku, p\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy a\u017e \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed v\u0159edy, bu\u0161en\u00ed srdce a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, infarkt. Proto\u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed mo\u010dopudn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee podporovat rozvoj ledvinov\u00fdch poruch, proto se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edjmu kofeinu doporu\u010duje p\u00edt v\u00edce tekutin. Ve velk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch vede k pocitu podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, neklidu, nespavosti, velmi velmi vysok\u00e1 d\u00e1vka kofeinu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt smrteln\u00e1 sama o sob\u011b. Kofein zvy\u0161uje odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku z kost\u00ed, p\u0159i jeho p\u0159\u00edjmu proto zvy\u0161te p\u0159\u00edjem ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips297','Oleje jsou z\u00e1sobn\u00ed l\u00e1tky rostlin, ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b v\u00a0plodech a semenech, ale i v\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech rostlin. Oproti \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm tuk\u016fm maj\u00ed rostlinn\u00e9 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, tedy mastn\u00fdch kyselin s n\u00e1sobnou vazbou mezi dv\u011bma sousedn\u00edmi uhl\u00edky.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips312','J\u00f3d (I) je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a je nepostradateln\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd r\u016fst i v\u00fdvoj mozku. Tyto hormony tak\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed celkovou l\u00e1tkovou p\u0159em\u011bnu a jejich nedostatek (kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun j\u00f3du, ale i jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny) vede mimo jin\u00e9 k \u00fanav\u011b a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O tom, jak\u00e9 potraviny jsou vhodn\u00e9 a naopak nevhodn\u00e9 pro koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny a jak by m\u011bl spr\u00e1vn\u011b vypadat jejich j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek tak, aby co nejv\u00edce podpo\u0159il zdrav\u00ed koj\u00edc\u00ed maminky i d\u00edt\u011bte a tak\u00e9 podpo\u0159il tvorbu a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nOdborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed kojen\u00ed jako nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob v\u00fd\u017eivy d\u00edt\u011bte v prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivota. Kojen\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eiva mate\u0159sk\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem maj\u00ed pro matku i d\u00edt\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdhod \u2013 v\u00edce se o nich m\u016f\u017eete do\u010d\u00edst zde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vyznam-a-podpora-kojeni"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=594"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":993,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594\/revisions\/993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}