{"id":616,"date":"2012-11-22T21:55:12","date_gmt":"2012-11-22T20:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2012\/11\/22\/300\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:33","slug":"300","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/300\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0159ivice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9<\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><span style=\"color: #003399\"> je zp\u016fsobeno nedostatkem vitaminu D v t\u011ble.<\/span><strong> <br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/jak_kde\/dite%20s%20krivici.jpg\" alt=\"dite s krivici\" width=\"50\" height=\"100\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips269'>k\u0159ivice<\/span> (rachitis) je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 nedostatkem vitaminu D, jen\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyvol\u00e1n jeho nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvodem potravou, poruchou jeho vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017eit\u00ed nebo nedostatkem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nezbytn\u00e9 pro tvorbu vitaminu D v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei.<\/p>\n<p>Vitamin D je nutn\u00fd pro vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku a fosforu ze st\u0159eva a pro mineralizaci kost\u00ed. P\u0159i jeho nedostatku doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0poru\u0161e tvorby kost\u00ed, v\u00a0kostech p\u0159eva\u017euje chrupav\u010dit\u00e1 hmota, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek jejich m\u011bknut\u00ed. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0typick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m tvaru kost\u00ed, poruch\u00e1m hybnosti a bolestem v kostech. V\u00a0dosp\u011blosti se tato nemoc naz\u00fdv\u00e1 osteomal\u00e1cie nebo tak\u00e9 m\u011bknut\u00ed kost\u00ed (v\u00edce <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/146\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se nemoc projevuje?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>U d\u011bt\u00ed se nemoc projevuje mnohem v\u00fdrazn\u011bji ne\u017e u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Typick\u00e9 jsou zm\u011bny tvaru kostry, nap\u0159\u00edklad deformace doln\u00edch kon\u010detin do tvaru \u201eO\u201c nebo \u201eX\u201c, pok\u0159iven\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159e, zm\u011bny tvaru hrudn\u00edku (tzv. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips126'>pta\u010d\u00ed hrudn\u00edk<\/span>). U kojenc\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed k m\u011bknut\u00ed lebe\u010dn\u00edch kost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na t\u00fdln\u00edch. Na kostech je p\u0159echod mezi chrupav\u010ditou a kostn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zdu\u0159en\u00fd, co\u017e na hrudn\u00edku vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tzv. rachitick\u00fd r\u016f\u017eenec. Objevuje se tak\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed zubn\u00ed skloviny, opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zub\u016f, zuby rostou nepravideln\u011b a tvrd\u00e9 patro je vysoko vyklenut\u00e9. U mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9mu uz\u00e1v\u011bru <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips261'>fontanel<\/span>. Mnoh\u00e9 zm\u011bny, ke kter\u00fdm v\u00a0d\u011btsk\u00e9m v\u011bku dojde v\u00a0d\u016fsledku nedostatku vitaminu D, jsou nevratn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdskyt a prevence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips269'>k\u0159ivice<\/span> se u d\u011bt\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed populaci vyskytuje pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u011b a lze j\u00ed p\u0159edej\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvodem vitaminu D stravou a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm vystavov\u00e1n\u00edm k\u016f\u017ee slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm. Vitamin D je p\u0159\u00edtomen hlavn\u011b v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch. Nejv\u00edce ho obsahuj\u00ed m\u00e1slo, ryby (zejm\u00e9na tu\u010dn\u00e9 ryby \u2013 losos, sle\u010f, makrela), vejce, dro\u017ed\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci prevence tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011btem od 14. dne po narozen\u00ed vitamin D v\u00a0kapk\u00e1ch po dobu 12 \u2013 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, event. i d\u00e9le, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips269'>k\u0159ivice<\/span> l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitaminu D ve form\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f, vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsunu v\u00e1pn\u00edku a fosf\u00e1tov\u00fdch sol\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e vznikl\u00e9 zm\u011bny tvaru kostry vyl\u00e9\u010dit nelze.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Pavel Hor\u00e1k. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips179'>osteomalacie<\/span> a rachitida. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 listy 20\/2006, str. 28-29<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Masaryk Pavol. Osteomal\u00e1cia a rachit\u00edda. Via Pract., 6 (1): 13-15. 2009<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.osteoporoza.cz%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0158\u00eddnut\u00ed nen\u00ed jedinou hrozbou pro kosti<\/a>. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips126','Pta\u010d\u00ed hrudn\u00edk: typick\u00fd tvar hrudn\u00edku, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m je hrudn\u00edk zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fd ze stran, hrudn\u00ed kost odst\u00e1v\u00e1 sm\u011brem dop\u0159edu a p\u0159edozadn\u00ed rozm\u011br hrudn\u00edku je zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips179','Osteomalacie neboli m\u011bknut\u00ed kost\u00ed je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed k postupn\u00e9mu odv\u00e1pn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek deformaci zm\u011bkl\u00fdch kost\u00ed (p\u00e1te\u0159e, p\u00e1nevn\u00edho pletence, kost\u00ed doln\u00edch kon\u010detin), jsou-li zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1ny.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips261','Fontanela (\u010desky lup\u00ednek) je vazivov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed na hlav\u011b novorozence v m\u00edstech, kde se potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed kosti utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed lebku. Fontanely umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst lebky po porodu a zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed objemu mozku. Hlavi\u010dka je v m\u00edst\u011b fontanel pru\u017en\u00e1 ,a proto m\u016f\u017ee bez probl\u00e9m\u016f proj\u00edt \u00fazk\u00fdmi porodn\u00edmi cestami.   Snadno hmatateln\u00e1 je velk\u00e1 fontanela, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi \u010deln\u00ed kost\u00ed a ob\u011bma temenn\u00edmi kostmi. V\u011bt\u0161inou se uzav\u00edr\u00e1 kolem 13. m\u011bs\u00edce v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak i pozd\u011bji (18. \u2013 24. m\u011bs\u00edc v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte).'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips269','K\u0159ivice neboli rachitida (rachitis) je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, vyvolan\u00e9 nedostatkem vitaminu D.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobeno nedostatkem vitaminu D v t\u011ble.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nK\u0159ivice (rachitis) je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 nedostatkem vitaminu D, jen\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyvol\u00e1n jeho nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvodem potravou, poruchou jeho vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017eit\u00ed nebo nedostatkem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nezbytn\u00e9 pro tvorbu vitaminu D v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kivice"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=616"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1559,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616\/revisions\/1559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}