{"id":640,"date":"2010-11-20T10:08:47","date_gmt":"2010-11-20T09:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/11\/20\/140\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"140","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/140\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u0159echy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O o\u0159e\u0161\u00edch, co je v nich dobr\u00e9ho, kolik bychom jich m\u011bli j\u00edst a jak je nakoupit v dobr\u00e9 kvalit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/pohyb\/orechy.jpg\" alt=\"orechy\" width=\"153\" height=\"104\" \/><\/p>\n<p>O\u0159echy jsou podle archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivy ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 000 let. Tyto tvrd\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pkov\u00e9 plody jsou bohat\u00fdm a koncentrovan\u00fdm zdrojem \u017eivin pro \u010dlov\u011bka i mnoh\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/p>\n<p>Botanicky je term\u00edn o\u0159ech vymezen pouze pro semena such\u00fdch nepukav\u00fdch plod\u016f, ov\u0161em z hlediska jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v kuchyni do t\u00e9to skupiny \u0159ad\u00edme jak\u00e1koliv v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jedl\u00e1 olejnat\u00e1 j\u00e1dra obalen\u00e1 sko\u0159\u00e1pkou, nap\u0159\u00edklad bur\u00e1ky (ara\u0161\u00eddy), kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed botanicky mezi lu\u0161t\u011bniny (podzemnice olejn\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u0159echy \u2013 s\u00edla sbalen\u00e1 na cesty&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O\u0159echy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi tu\u010dn\u00e9 potraviny, n\u011bkter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed i v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % tuku. Maj\u00ed proto vysokou energetickou hodnotu, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje kolem 2500 kJ ve 100 g (pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dokol\u00e1da obsahuje kolem 2200 kJ ve 100 g). Jejich tuk je v\u0161ak slo\u017een hlavn\u011b z <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips19'>nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/span>, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edjem je pro n\u00e1\u0161 j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. V\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed kokosov\u00fd tuk, kter\u00fd obsahuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n<p>O\u0159echy jsou bohat\u00e9 na rostlinn\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny, vl\u00e1kninu, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky a vitaminy. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o v\u00e1pn\u00edk, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, fosfor, drasl\u00edk, \u017eelezo, zinek a m\u011b\u010f, vitaminy skupiny B a vitamin E, kter\u00fd je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v mandl\u00edch a l\u00edskov\u00fdch o\u0159e\u0161\u00edch. Mandle a ara\u0161\u00eddy jsou nav\u00edc v\u00fdborn\u00fdm zdrojem kyseliny listov\u00e9, nepostradateln\u00e9 pro tvorbu krve a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips320'>DNA<\/span>. Vitamin C se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed pouze v jedl\u00fdch ka\u0161tanech, kter\u00e9 se nav\u00edc sv\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm odli\u0161uj\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch o\u0159ech\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulov\u00fdm obsahem tuk\u016f a mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm b\u00edlkovin.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/pohyb\/orechy%20na%20ruce.jpg\" alt=\"orechy na ruce\" width=\"200\" height=\"174\" \/>V\u00fdsledky v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee pravideln\u00e1 konzumace p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>40 g o\u0159ech\u016f denn\u011b <\/strong>(jeden a p\u016fl hrsti), m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U \u017een nav\u00edc o\u0159echy p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed cukrovkou. Konzumace o\u0159ech\u016f by v\u0161ak nem\u011bla zv\u00fd\u0161it celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, kter\u00e9 jsme zvykl\u00ed denn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmat.<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v o\u0159e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1s ochra\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ed nemocemi. Obsahuj\u00ed toti\u017e krom\u011b <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips19'>nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/span> (v\u010detn\u011b omega-3) mnoho jin\u00fdch bioaktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jako jsou rostlinn\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny a vl\u00e1knina, drasl\u00edk, v\u00e1pn\u00edk, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, vitamin E a tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 fytochemik\u00e1lie (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips195'>fytosteroly<\/span>, fenolov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, resveratrol a arginin).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak pozn\u00e1me nekvalitn\u00ed o\u0159echy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O\u0159echy se pro sv\u016fj vysok\u00fd obsah rostlinn\u00fdch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips297'>olej\u016f<\/span> snadno kaz\u00ed (\u017eluknou), co\u017e pozn\u00e1me podle zatuchl\u00e9 v\u016fn\u011b. Mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 napadeny pl\u00edsn\u011bni \u010di jin\u00fdmi \u0161k\u016fdci (\u010dervy).<\/p>\n<p>Na\u017eloutl\u00e1 barva jader mandl\u00ed (m\u00e1 b\u00fdt b\u00edl\u00e1 a\u017e kr\u00e9mov\u00e1) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkou \u017eluknut\u00ed. Kokosov\u00fd o\u0159ech by m\u011bl uvnit\u0159 obsahovat kokosovou vodu (to zjist\u00edte zat\u0159esen\u00edm), nem\u011bl by m\u00edt prasklou \u010di navrtanou sko\u0159\u00e1pku a na\u010dervenal\u00e1 barva jedl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti je znakem za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho mikrobiologick\u00e9ho rozkladu, n\u011bkdy je spojena s nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm z\u00e1pachem. \u0160ed\u00e9 a\u017e \u010dern\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed jader jedl\u00fdch ka\u0161tan\u016f je zn\u00e1mkou napaden\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/70\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pl\u00edsn\u011bmi<\/a> (nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pl\u00edse\u0148 <em>Aspergillus flavus<\/em>, jeho\u017e toxin \u2013 aflatoxin \u2013 je d\u00e1v\u00e1n do souvislosti s rakovinou jater a s dal\u0161\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi poruchami). \u010cervivost pozn\u00e1me podle provrtan\u00fdch otv\u016frk\u016f na povrchu slupky ka\u0161tan\u016f. Para o\u0159echy jsou velmi n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 ke \u017eluknut\u00ed a jak\u00e9koliv jin\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed jader ne\u017e b\u00edl\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o napaden\u00ed pl\u00edsn\u011bmi, chu\u0165 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt sladk\u00e1, nikdy naho\u0159kl\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alergie na o\u0159echy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alergie na o\u0159echy jsou pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fdm jevem a vznikaj\u00ed u citliv\u00fdch jedinc\u016f po po\u017eit\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z o\u0159ech\u016f. Alergie na ara\u0161\u00eddy se vyskytuje u 0,5 \u2013 1,1 % dosp\u011bl\u00e9 populace v USA i v Evrop\u011b, alergie na stromov\u00e9 o\u0159echy u 0,4 % (VB) a\u017e 1,1 % (USA), nej\u010dast\u011bji na vla\u0161sk\u00e9 o\u0159echy.<\/p>\n<p>Alergick\u00e9 projevy jsou stejn\u00e9 jako u jin\u00fdch potravinov\u00fdch alergi\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b anafylaktick\u00e9ho \u0161oku (v\u00edce se o alergick\u00fdch projevech do\u010dtete <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>).&nbsp; Alergick\u00e1 reakce se rozv\u00edj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 3 minuty po po\u017eit\u00ed o\u0159ech\u016f. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch alergik\u016f m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat z\u00e1va\u017enou alergickou reakci jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo mikrogram\u016f, zejm\u00e9na pokud se jedn\u00e1 o ara\u0161\u00eddy a parao\u0159echy.<\/p>\n<p>Asi polovina posti\u017een\u00fdch je alergick\u00e1 pouze na jeden druh o\u0159echu, ostatn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b na v\u00edce druh\u016f. Zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 alergie jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u alergie na bursk\u00e9 o\u0159echy a n\u011bkter\u00fd ze stromov\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f, m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto na ke\u0161u a pist\u00e1cie \u010di makadamov\u00e9 a l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy. Alergie na l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy mohou b\u00fdt zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 s alergi\u00ed na pyl b\u0159\u00edzy.<\/p>\n<p>Tepeln\u00e1 \u00faprava v\u011bt\u0161inou nesni\u017euje alergenitu o\u0159ech\u016f, naopak n\u011bkdy vede paradoxn\u011b ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed alergen\u016f (nap\u0159. ara\u0161\u00eddy, pekanov\u00e9 o\u0159echy). Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je pro posti\u017een\u00e9ho nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak se vyhnout alergick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm na dan\u00fd o\u0159ech, vy\u0159adit jej zcela ze sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku, a to v\u010detn\u011b produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed t\u0159eba jen stopov\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed. I n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, u kter\u00fdch se p\u0159\u00edtomnost o\u0159ech\u016f nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, mohou jejich mal\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed obsahovat. Na obalu takov\u00fdchto potravin b\u00fdv\u00e1 upozorn\u011bn\u00ed: \u201eM\u016f\u017ee obsahovat stopy o\u0159ech\u016f \u2026\u201c, pop\u0159. \u201eVyrobeno v z\u00e1vod\u011b zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm o\u0159echy\u2026\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nezapome\u0148me, \u017ee\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>O\u0159echy jsou cennou potravinou, kterou bychom m\u011bli za\u0159adit do na\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed stravy.<\/strong> Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b osoby v\u00fd\u017eivov\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na rostlinnou potravu by m\u011bly db\u00e1t na jejich pravidelnou konzumaci. Pro osoby, kter\u00e9 nej\u00ed ryby, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vla\u0161sk\u00e9 o\u0159echy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj omega-3 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips19'>nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/span>, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b alfa-linolenov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 pro r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj na\u0161eho organizmu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>O\u0159echy nejl\u00e9pe konzumujme v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podob\u011b<\/strong>. Pra\u017een\u00edm vznikaj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a ni\u010d\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1st vitamin\u016f v nich obsa\u017een\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159i n\u00e1kupu <\/strong>je vhodn\u00e9 zkontrolovat datum minim\u00e1ln\u00ed trvanlivosti na obalu a ihned po zakoupen\u00ed kvalitu o\u0159ech\u016f ov\u011b\u0159it. Pokud jsou zatuchl\u00e9, maj\u00ed na\u017eluklou p\u0159\u00edchu\u0165 \u010di vykazuj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky napaden\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci, lze je reklamovat p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Doma uchov\u00e1v\u00e1me plody na such\u00e9m a chladn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b <\/strong>(nejl\u00e9pe v chladni\u010dce), nebo\u0165 rychlost \u017eluknut\u00ed zpomaluje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed skladovac\u00ed teplota. Vyloupan\u00e1 such\u00e1 j\u00e1dra lze dlouhodob\u011b skladovat i v mrazni\u010dce. Jedl\u00e9 ka\u0161tany a para o\u0159echy je nutn\u00e9 spot\u0159ebovat co nejd\u0159\u00edve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em>Ros E, Tapsell LC, Sabat\u00e9 J. Nuts and berries for heart health. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010; 12(6): 397-406.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Bure\u0161ov\u00e1 P. O\u0159echy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed symboly V\u00e1noc, 2009 SZPI<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Pokora J. O\u0159echy a o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky, 2005 SZPI&nbsp; <\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Alergie na o\u0159echy. Bezpe\u010dnost potravin A-Z, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bezpecnostpotravin.cz\/az\/\">www.bezpecnostpotravin.cz\/az\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips19','Nenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny se d\u011bl\u00ed na tzv. mononenasycen\u00e9 (s jednou n\u00e1sobnou vazbou) a polynenasycen\u00e9 (se dv\u011bma a v\u00edce n\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi vazbami). Mononenasycen\u00e9 MK se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako MUFA (z angl. mono-unsaturated fatty acids), polynenasycen\u00e9 jako PUFA (angl. poly-unsaturated fatty acids).'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips195','Fytosteroly  jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proti kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na metabolismus lipid\u016f - sni\u017euj\u00ed celkov\u00fd a LDL cholesterol, a jsou zkoum\u00e1ny pro jejich mo\u017en\u00fd protin\u00e1dorov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips275','Alergen je sou\u010d\u00e1st b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e1 spou\u0161t\u00ed obrannou reakci v t\u011ble alergika. Jako alergen p\u016fsob\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, negativn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00ed jen na jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed naru\u0161enou imunitu ve smyslu p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 citlivosti. Alergen\u016f je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a na r\u016fzn\u00e9 alergiky p\u016fsob\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 alergeny.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips297','Oleje jsou z\u00e1sobn\u00ed l\u00e1tky rostlin, ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b v\u00a0plodech a semenech, ale i v\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech rostlin. Oproti \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm tuk\u016fm maj\u00ed rostlinn\u00e9 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, tedy mastn\u00fdch kyselin s n\u00e1sobnou vazbou mezi dv\u011bma sousedn\u00edmi uhl\u00edky.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O o\u0159e\u0161\u00edch, co je v nich dobr\u00e9ho, kolik bychom jich m\u011bli j\u00edst a jak je nakoupit v dobr\u00e9 kvalit\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ovoce"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=640"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1571,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions\/1571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}