{"id":644,"date":"2010-10-26T09:25:22","date_gmt":"2010-10-26T07:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/26\/141\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"141","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/141\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v potravin\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">\u00a0O toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se v potravin\u00e1ch vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b a jejich vlivu na zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>V potravin\u00e1<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/obrazky\/13_brambory_rajcata_nezrale_2.jpg\" alt=\"13 brambory rajcata nezrale 2\" width=\"115\" height=\"80\" \/>ch se krom\u011b l\u00e1tek pro zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch mohou objevovat tak\u00e9 l\u00e1tky toxick\u00e9, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomnost m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich se vyskytuj\u00ed v potravin\u00e1ch p\u0159irozen\u011b jako jejich b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 slo\u017eka a ty naz\u00fdv\u00e1me <strong>p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160kodliv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na jejich biologick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch (toxicit\u011b) a tak\u00e9 na mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ijmeme, a\u0165 u\u017e \u00fasty, d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm (nap\u0159. nikotin), k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, sliznicemi, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i jinak. Pro jednotliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky byla stanovena nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 d\u00e1vka, kterou m\u016f\u017eeme denn\u011b p\u0159ijmout, ani\u017e by to m\u011blo negativn\u00ed vliv na na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed (<strong>tolerovateln\u00fd denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem<\/strong>, TDI). TDI se uv\u00e1d\u00ed v miligramech na kilogram t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. \u010c\u00edm je tato hodnota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm je l\u00e1tka bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pro jednotliv\u00e9 potraviny bylo pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy stanoveno <strong>nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/strong> vybran\u00fdch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnost potravin. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed solaninu v bramborov\u00fdch hl\u00edz\u00e1ch je stanoveno na 200 mg\/kg, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e smrteln\u00e1 d\u00e1vka pro \u010dlov\u011bka se pohybuje kolem 400 a\u017e 500 mg.<\/p>\n<p>Rostliny, \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 \u010di mikroorganismy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed l\u00e1tky pro \u010dlov\u011bka toxick\u00e9 \u010dasto za \u00fa\u010delem vlastn\u00ed ochrany. \u0158ada z nich je v mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch dokonce zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu (nap\u0159. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips160'>antimalarikum<\/span> chinin). Mezi toxikologicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span>, saponiny, kyanogenn\u00ed glykosidy, fytoestrogeny, lektiny a biogenn\u00ed aminy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span> <\/strong>jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 organismy a je\u017e vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Jedn\u00e1 se o r\u016fznorodou skupinu v\u00edce ne\u017e 5000 slou\u010denin. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rostliny (semena, ko\u0159eny, listy, k\u016fra apod.), ale tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy hub, mech\u016f, bakteri\u00ed, hmyzu aj.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Solanin<\/strong> &#8211; vyskytuje se v brambor\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na v zelen\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed je tak\u00e9 ve slupce, sm\u011brem do st\u0159edu hl\u00edzy jeho obsah kles\u00e1. Zp\u016fsobuje zvracen\u00ed, \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159e\u010de, pr\u016fjmy a bolest hlavy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tomatin<\/strong> &#8211; je p\u0159\u00edtomen zejm\u00e9na v mal\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch plodech raj\u010dat, ve zral\u00fdch plodech je jeho mno\u017estv\u00ed velmi mal\u00e9. M\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips171'>teratogenn\u00ed<\/span> \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span> k\u00e1vy, \u010daje a kakaa <\/strong>(<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips296'>kofein<\/span>, theobromin, theofillin) &#8211; k\u00e1va pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b obsahuje asi 80 mg kofeinu v jednom \u0161\u00e1lku, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips200'>instantn\u00ed<\/span> zpravidla m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u0159ekap\u00e1van\u00e1. Prav\u00fd \u010daj obsahuje theobromin a tak\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips296'>kofein<\/span>, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s k\u00e1vou v\u0161ak asi o polovinu a\u017e o t\u0159etinu m\u00e9n\u011b. Kakao obsahuje zejm\u00e9na theobromin a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips296'>kofein<\/span>. Kolov\u00e9 nealkoholick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje obsahuj\u00ed 50 &#8211; 250 mg kofeinu v 1 litru n\u00e1poje. V\u00edce se dozv\u00edte o k\u00e1v\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/101\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zde<\/a>, o \u010daji <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/71\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zde<\/a>, o kakau a \u010dokol\u00e1d\u011b\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/104\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zde<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span> <\/strong>(nap\u0159. nikotin) &#8211; nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem jsou tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, do organismu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z tab\u00e1kov\u00e9ho kou\u0159e. V n\u00edzk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch m\u00e1 povzbudiv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se d\u00e1vkou se zrychluje d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a motorika, dostavuje se nucen\u00ed ke zvracen\u00ed a vysok\u00e9 d\u00e1vky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u0159es a\u017e t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd stav bezv\u011bdom\u00ed. Tab\u00e1kov\u00fd kou\u0159 prokazateln\u011b zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch st\u00e1tech mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ze z\u00e1kona zdravotn\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00e9m balen\u00ed tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch pro kone\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele.<\/li>\n<li>Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed <strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span> pep\u0159e <\/strong>(nap\u0159. piperin &#8211; vyskytuje se nejv\u00edce v zelen\u00e9m a b\u00edl\u00e9m pep\u0159i, povzbuzuje centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mozkovou soustavu a m\u00e1 slab\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips149'>antipyretick\u00e9<\/span> a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips197'>mutagenn\u00ed<\/span> \u00fa\u010dinky, ve vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch po\u0161kozuje tk\u00e1\u0148 jazyka, sni\u017euje krevn\u00ed tlak a rychlost d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed), <strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span> papriky <\/strong>(kapsaicin &#8211; p\u00e1liv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, nejv\u00edce je ho v chilli papri\u010dk\u00e1ch, slab\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, stimuluje tr\u00e1ven\u00ed, ve vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch je toxick\u00fd a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips197'>mutagenn\u00ed<\/span>), <strong>chinov\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips252'>alkaloidy<\/span> <\/strong>(chinin &#8211; <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips160'>antimalarikum<\/span>, antipyretikum, nevhodn\u00fd pro t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny) aj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Saponiny<\/strong> se vyskytuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b v rostlin\u00e1ch a sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev dostaly d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti tvo\u0159it p\u011bnu (stejn\u011b jako m\u00fddlo, latinsky m\u00fddlo=sapo). Maj\u00ed ho\u0159kou chu\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se jako p\u011bnotvorn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, emulg\u00e1tory a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips175'>antioxidanty<\/span>, p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0161ampon\u016f a jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na vlasy. Nejv\u00edce jich obsahuje \u0161pen\u00e1t, \u0159epa, s\u00f3ja, fazole, cizrna, l\u00e9ko\u0159ice. V lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed trpkost a ho\u0159kost, jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed lze sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00e1\u010den\u00edm ve vod\u011b, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips184'>fermentac\u00ed<\/span> \u010di oloup\u00e1n\u00edm povrchov\u00fdch vrstev, ne v\u0161ak va\u0159en\u00edm. Saponiny z k\u016fry stromu Quillaia saponia se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho z\u00e1zvorov\u00e9ho piva. D\u0159\u00edve byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny saponiny za toxick\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u0161ak toxick\u00e1 nen\u00ed. Toxick\u00e9 saponiny po\u0161kozuj\u00ed ve vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch j\u00e1tra, mohou zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit selh\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e hlubok\u00e9 bezv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kyanogenn\u00ed glykosidy<\/strong> sami o sob\u011b nejsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, av\u0161ak jejich rozkladem m\u016f\u017ee vznikat toxick\u00fd kyanovod\u00edk. Jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v peck\u00e1ch peckovit\u00e9ho ovoce a lisov\u00e1n\u00edm nevypeckovan\u00e9ho ovoce m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u0165\u00e1va obsahovat a\u017e 15 mg kyanovod\u00edku v 1 kg. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v kompotech z nevypeckovan\u00fdch merun\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obsa\u017eeno a\u017e 33 mg kyanovod\u00edku v 1 kg, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e smrteln\u00e1 d\u00e1vka pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka se pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 35-245 mg. P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b destil\u00e1t\u016f v\u011bt\u0161ina kyanovod\u00edku vyprch\u00e1. P\u0159i po\u017eit\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vek kyanovod\u00edku se dostavuje bolest hlavy, tlukot srdce, \u00fazkost a svalov\u00e1 slabost, po\u017eit\u00ed smrteln\u00e9 d\u00e1vky vyvol\u00e1 ztuhlost kon\u010detin, zmodr\u00e1n\u00ed, k\u0159e\u010de a hlubok\u00e9 bezv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fytoestrogeny<\/strong> jsou rostlinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips68'>estrogenn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky<\/span>. N\u011bkter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed v lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch (isoflavony v s\u00f3jov\u00fdch bobech), v kl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00edch lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch (pterokarpany), v r\u016fzn\u00fdch semenech (len, m\u00e1k), ovoci a zelenin\u011b (ligniny). Tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b produkuj\u00ed fytoestrogeny (nap\u0159. rod Fusarium vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed F-2 toxin). \u00da\u010dinky fytoestrogen\u016f na lidsk\u00fd organismus mohou b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00e9 i p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9. Na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed u \u017een, kter\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed stravu bohatou na fytoestrogeny, k poruch\u00e1m menstrua\u010dn\u00edho cyklu a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je u osob s vysok\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem isoflavon\u016f s\u00f3ji pozorov\u00e1n ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt rakoviny prsu a prostaty. N\u011bkter\u00e9 isoflavony maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lektiny<\/strong> zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed bolesti \u017ealudku, zvracen\u00ed a pr\u016fjmy. Jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v syrov\u00fdch \u010di nedostate\u010dn\u011b uva\u0159en\u00fdch fazol\u00edch \u010di jin\u00fdch lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch. Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou lektiny obsa\u017een\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch druz\u00edch fazol\u00ed (nap\u0159. m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed), jen slab\u011b toxick\u00e9 jsou lektiny ara\u0161\u00edd\u016f, \u010do\u010dky, hrachu a s\u00f3ji.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biogenn\u00ed aminy<\/strong> vznikaj\u00ed v potravin\u00e1ch \u010dinnost\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f (nap\u0159. histamin, tyramin). Ve vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch jsou toxick\u00e9 &#8211; vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvracen\u00ed, pocen\u00ed, bu\u0161en\u00ed srdce, d\u00fdchac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, migr\u00e9ny a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u010di sni\u017euj\u00ed krevn\u00ed tlak. V mnoha zem\u00edch je ustanoveno nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed histaminu a tyraminu. Ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomny ve zka\u017een\u00e9m mase, zka\u017een\u00fdch ryb\u00e1ch (zejm\u00e9na makrelovit\u00fdch) \u010di s\u00fdrech, pokud p\u0159i jejich zr\u00e1n\u00ed nebyly dodr\u017eeny hygienick\u00e9 z\u00e1sady.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em>Komprda T. Hygiena potravin. MZLU, Brno 1997.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Vel\u00ed\u0161ek J. Chemie potravin 3. Ossis, T\u00e1bor 1999.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, SZ\u00da, 3.LF UK 2004<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips68','Estrogen je hormon, kter\u00fd je mimo jin\u00e9 nezbytn\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed savc\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips149','sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed hore\u010dku'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips160','l\u00e9k proti malarii'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips171','Po\u0161kozuje plod b\u011bhem jeho v\u00fdvoje. V\u00fdsledkem mohou b\u00fdt vrozen\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 vady a r\u016fzn\u00e9 defekty.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips175','Antioxidanty jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit na\u0161e t\u011blo p\u0159ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi nemocemi. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b i n\u011bkter\u00e9 vitaminy a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips184','Fermentace = kva\u0161en\u00ed je proces, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e se organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky postupn\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed za \u00fa\u010dasti mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch enzym\u016f na jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky. V potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u010daje, alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, octa, dro\u017ed\u00ed, kysan\u00fdch ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f aj.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips197','Mutagenn\u00ed l\u00e1tka m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit genetick\u00e9 vady v \u017eiv\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. N\u00e1sledkem mutace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odum\u0159en\u00ed bu\u0148ky, vrozen\u00e1 vada \u010di nap\u0159. vznik n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips200','Instantn\u00ed (v souvislosti s potravinou) znamen\u00e1 rychlorozpustn\u00fd, p\u0159ipraven\u00fd k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edva\u0159en\u00fd, pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips252','Alkaloidy jsou l\u00e1tky schopn\u00e9 vyvolat r\u016fzn\u00e9 reakce v organizmu, nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku, odd\u00e1len\u00ed \u00fanavy a pod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips296','Kofein je povzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi alkaloidy. Citlivost na kofein nen\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e1 podle v\u011bku. Mezi jeho \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky pat\u0159\u00ed povzbuzen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, odd\u00e1len\u00ed \u00fanavy, zbyst\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed koncentrace. P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu kofeinu se ale jeho \u00fa\u010dinky sni\u017euj\u00ed, ke stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku je pot\u0159eba vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka. \u00da\u010dinek kofeinu z \u010daje m\u00e1 pomalej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stup ne\u017e z k\u00e1vy, trv\u00e1 ale d\u00e9le. Mezi ne\u017e\u00e1douc?? \u00fa\u010dinky pt\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b bolesti \u017ealudku, p\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy a\u017e \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed v\u0159edy, bu\u0161en\u00ed srdce a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, infarkt. Proto\u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed mo\u010dopudn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee podporovat rozvoj ledvinov\u00fdch poruch, proto se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edjmu kofeinu doporu\u010duje p\u00edt v\u00edce tekutin. Ve velk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch vede k pocitu podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, neklidu, nespavosti, velmi velmi vysok\u00e1 d\u00e1vka kofeinu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt smrteln\u00e1 sama o sob\u011b. Kofein zvy\u0161uje odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku z kost\u00ed, p\u0159i jeho p\u0159\u00edjmu proto zvy\u0161te p\u0159\u00edjem ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips302','Lignin  se vyskytuje se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch druz\u00edch zeleniny, zejm\u00e9na v mrkvi, kedlubn\u00e1ch, \u0159edkvi\u010dk\u00e1ch a celeru. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah ligninu je v otrub\u00e1ch a konzumovan\u00fdch semenech ovoce, nap\u0159. zahradn\u00edch jahod, malin, ryb\u00edzu aj.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0O toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se v potravin\u00e1ch vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b a jejich vlivu na zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.<br \/>\nV potravin\u00e1ch se krom\u011b l\u00e1tek pro zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch mohou objevovat tak\u00e9 l\u00e1tky toxick\u00e9, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomnost m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich se vyskytuj\u00ed v potravin\u00e1ch p\u0159irozen\u011b jako jejich b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 slo\u017eka a ty naz\u00fdv\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toxicke-latky-v-potravinach"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=644"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1572,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644\/revisions\/1572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}