{"id":651,"date":"2010-10-06T21:07:53","date_gmt":"2010-10-06T19:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/06\/147\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:14","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:14","slug":"147","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/147\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak si zachovat zdrav\u00e9 zuby bez kaz\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O zubn\u00edm kazu a jak lze p\u0159edej\u00edt jeho vzniku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/pohyb\/zdrave%20zuby.jpg\" alt=\"zdrave zuby\" width=\"86\" height=\"112\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zubn\u00ed kaz je <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips204'>chronick\u00e9<\/span> infek\u010dn\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips29'>civiliza\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/span>, kter\u00e9mu lze z velk\u00e9 m\u00edry zabr\u00e1nit vhodnou prevenc\u00ed. Je to asi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak vznik\u00e1 zubn\u00ed kaz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na vzniku zubn\u00edho kazu se pod\u00edl\u00ed v\u00edce \u010dinitel\u016f. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b to jsou bakterie p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v dutin\u011b \u00fastn\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 streptokoky) a cukry a \u0161kroby potravy, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b barik\u00e1dy stoj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed a kvalita slin a tak\u00e9 kvalita zubn\u00edho povrchu, kter\u00e1 je z \u010d\u00e1sti d\u00e1na d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b, z \u010d\u00e1sti je ovlivn\u011bna \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem, stravov\u00e1n\u00edm, nemocemi a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm l\u00e9k\u016f \u010di nevhodn\u00fdmi n\u00e1vyky.<\/p>\n<p>Kazotvorn\u00e9 bakterie maj\u00ed schopnost p\u0159ichytit se na povrchu zub\u016f, zkva\u0161ovat jednoduch\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharidy<\/span> p\u0159ijat\u00e9 ve strav\u011b za vzniku kyselin a vytv\u00e1\u0159et na povrchu zub\u016f zubn\u00ed povlak \u010dili plak. Kyseliny v dutin\u011b \u00fastn\u00ed nalept\u00e1vaj\u00ed zubn\u00ed sklovinu, z n\u00ed\u017e se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky, zejm\u00e9na v\u00e1pn\u00edk, a tak vznik\u00e1 prvotn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed zubn\u00ed skloviny. Kdy\u017e se nepoda\u0159\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi odstranit, pronik\u00e1 kaz hloub\u011bji a\u017e do zubn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b, zub se st\u00e1v\u00e1 citliv\u00fdm na tepl\u00e9 a studen\u00e9, sladk\u00e9 a kysel\u00e9, a v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m st\u00e1diu je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed i velmi bolestiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Sliny funguj\u00ed jako p\u0159irozen\u00e1 ochrana proti kysel\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, \u0159ed\u00ed kyseliny, neutralizuj\u00ed je a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed do \u00fast v\u00e1pn\u00edk a fosf\u00e1ty. Sliny jako ochrana ov\u0161em p\u016fsob\u00ed jen do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry, jakmile je v \u00fastech p\u0159\u00edtomno hodn\u011b kazotvorn\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed a strava obsahuje nadm\u00edru <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span>, sliny samy o sob\u011b u\u017e na boj se zubn\u00edm kazem nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed mo\u017enosti ochrany?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odd\u00e1len\u00ed infekce bakteriemi zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edmi zubn\u00ed kaz u mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>vhodn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed stravy s omezen\u00edm jednoduch\u00fdch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span><\/li>\n<li>pravideln\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed chrupu<\/li>\n<li>pravideln\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky u zubn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e<\/li>\n<li>fluoridov\u00e1 prevence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010casn\u00e1 prevence v d\u011btstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prevence by m\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt ji\u017e v dob\u011b t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed \u017eeny, kter\u00e1 spr\u00e1vnou stravou a p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o vlastn\u00ed chrup vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro zdrav\u00fd chrup sv\u00e9ho zat\u00edm nenarozen\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte. Z\u00e1klady zoubk\u016f v d\u00e1sn\u00edch se toti\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. Nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je prevence zejm\u00e9na u nejmen\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed. Bakterie zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed zubn\u00ed kaz se toti\u017e do \u00fast d\u00edt\u011bte dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e ze slin dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, novorozenec je v \u00fastech nem\u00e1. Maminka ani jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd by nikdy nem\u011bli mal\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti olizovat dudl\u00edk, savi\u010dku lahvi\u010dky \u010di j\u00edst stejnou l\u017ei\u010dkou jako d\u00edt\u011b. Je toti\u017e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se os\u00eddlen\u00ed \u00fast d\u00edt\u011bte bakteriemi zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edmi zubn\u00ed kaz pokud mo\u017eno odd\u00e1lilo. Bude-li m\u00edt d\u00edt\u011b zka\u017een\u00fd ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd chrup, s velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed se bude v\u00edce kazit i chrup trval\u00fd. Nen\u00ed tedy pravda, \u017ee na do\u010dasn\u00e9m ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9m chrupu nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho vytr\u017een\u00ed zka\u017een\u00e9ho ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9ho zubu nav\u00edc nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt spr\u00e1vn\u011b vytvo\u0159eno m\u00edsto pro st\u00e1l\u00e9 zuby a ty mohou n\u00e1sledn\u011b r\u016fst jinak, ne\u017e by spr\u00e1vn\u011b m\u011bly.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharidy<\/span> a v\u00fd\u017eiva obecn\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na vznik zubn\u00edho kazu m\u00e1 podstatn\u00fd vliv jak mno\u017estv\u00ed, tak i \u010detnost konzumace <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span>, zejm\u00e9na jednoduch\u00fdch cukr\u016f. Nejv\u00edc nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro vznik zubn\u00edho kazu je \u0159epn\u00fd cukr (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips198'>sachar\u00f3za<\/span>). Ze sladkost\u00ed jsou nejhor\u0161\u00ed ty, kter\u00e9 se lep\u00ed a ulp\u00edvaj\u00ed na povrchu zub\u016f, jako jsou karamely, l\u00edz\u00e1tka, \u010dokol\u00e1da, marmel\u00e1dy, su\u0161enky. \u010c\u00edm \u010dast\u011bji b\u011bhem dne jsou sladkosti v\u010detn\u011b sladk\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f konzumov\u00e1ny, ani\u017e by n\u00e1sledovalo vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f, t\u00edm v\u00edce se riziko vzniku zubn\u00edho kazu zvy\u0161uje. Stejn\u011b tak nejsou vhodn\u00e9 ani ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy, nebo\u0165 obsahuj\u00ed kyseliny, kter\u00e9 leptaj\u00ed zubn\u00ed povrch. Naproti tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad tvrd\u00fd s\u00fdr je potravinou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed vznikem zubn\u00edho kazu m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1nit, nebo\u0165 neutralizuje kysel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1pn\u00edk a fosfor. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odolnost zub\u016f je ovlivn\u011bna celkov\u00fdm j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dkem, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl obsahovat v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 \u017eiviny, zejm\u00e9na <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips105'>dostatek b\u00edlkovin<\/span>, v\u00e1pn\u00edku, fosforu, fluoru a dal\u0161\u00edch miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek a stopov\u00fdch prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o chrup<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O tom, jak \u010dasto, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a s pou\u017eit\u00edm jak\u00fdch pom\u016fcek si \u010distit zuby, je nejl\u00e9pe se poradit s o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm zubn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159em \u010di s dent\u00e1ln\u00ed hygienistkou. Tito zubn\u00ed specialist\u00e9 v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017e\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou techniku \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f a doporu\u010d\u00ed vhodn\u00fd kart\u00e1\u010dek, zubn\u00ed pastu, \u00fastn\u00ed vodu, dent\u00e1ln\u00ed nit, kart\u00e1\u010dky pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mezizubn\u00edch \u0161t\u011brbin a dal\u0161\u00ed pom\u016fcky a pot\u0159eby pro \u00fastn\u00ed hygienu. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee zuby by se m\u011bly \u010distit minim\u00e1ln\u011b 2x denn\u011b pomoc\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00e9ho zubn\u00edho kart\u00e1\u010dku s kr\u00e1tkou \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, aby byly dob\u0159e dostupn\u00e9 v\u0161echny \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 prostory. Po ve\u010dern\u00edm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f u\u017e by se nem\u011blo j\u00edst, a to ani d\u0159\u00edve schvalovan\u00e9 jablko, p\u00edt se mohou jen n\u00e1poje bez obsahu cukru, jako jsou stoln\u00ed voda, neslazen\u00e1 miner\u00e1lka \u010di neslazen\u00fd \u010daj. B\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku kles\u00e1 produkce slin a t\u00edm se \u0161ance na vznik zubn\u00edho kazu zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A pozor! Ani sebelep\u0161\u00ed \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dka bez cukru \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee nahradit.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na l\u00e9ka\u0159skou zubn\u00ed prevenci bychom nem\u011bli zapomenout 2x ro\u010dn\u011b. L\u00e9ka\u0159 p\u0159i preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce zkontroluje stav chrupu a oprav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 defekty zub\u016f v jejich z\u00e1rodku.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fluoridov\u00e1 prevence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vzniku zubn\u00edho kazu je p\u0159\u00edjem fluoridu. Fluorid v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uje odolnost a pevnost zubn\u00ed skloviny, prokazateln\u011b sni\u017euje riziko vzniku zubn\u00edho kazu. Do roku 1988 u n\u00e1s byla fluoridem obohacov\u00e1na voda v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovodech, od t\u00e9 doby se od plo\u0161n\u00e9 fluoridace ustoupilo a p\u0159ednost dostalo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fluoridem obohacen\u00e9 soli, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fluoridov\u00fdch tablet, individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fluoridovan\u00fdch zubn\u00edch past, gel\u016f, lak\u016f a roztok\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch je ov\u0161em fluorid pro zuby a tak\u00e9 pro organismus celkov\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fd \u2013 zubn\u00ed sklovina se zabarv\u00ed a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se k\u0159ehkou. Proto je t\u0159eba se o jeho d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed poradit s l\u00e9ka\u0159em.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em>Navarov\u00e1, L., Leke\u0161ov\u00e1, I., Kazivost a stav chrupu u d\u011btsk\u00e9 populace. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 listy, p\u0159\u00edloha Zdravotnick\u00fdch novin, Stomatologie, 14\/2006, s. 5-6<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Broukal, Z., Prenat\u00e1ln\u00ed a perinat\u00e1ln\u00ed antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed profylaxe zubn\u00edho kazu. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 listy, p\u0159\u00edloha Zdravotnick\u00fdch novin, Stomatologie, 14\/2006, s. 7-9<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips29','Mezi civiliza\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. nemoci srdce a c\u00e9v \u010di n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips105','Nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem b\u00edlkovin vede k \u00fabytku svalov\u00e9 hmoty, t\u00edm se zhor\u0161uje pohyblivost, oslabuje se obranyschopnost, zhor\u0161uje hojen\u00ed ran, prodlu\u017euje se doba nemocnosti a rekonvalescence.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips198','Sachar\u00f3za je disacharid, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je slo\u017een\u00e1 ze dvou molekul jednoduch\u00fdch cukr\u016f. V\u00a0sachar\u00f3ze jsou to 1 molekula gluk\u00f3zy a 1 molekula frukt\u00f3zy. Sachar\u00f3za se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u011b z\u00a0cukrov\u00e9 \u0159epy a cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips204','Chronick\u00e9 = dlouhodob\u00e9'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O zubn\u00edm kazu a jak lze p\u0159edej\u00edt jeho vzniku.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nZubn\u00ed kaz je chronick\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed civiliza\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu lze z velk\u00e9 m\u00edry zabr\u00e1nit vhodnou prevenc\u00ed. Je to asi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zubni-kaz"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=651"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":936,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651\/revisions\/936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}