{"id":653,"date":"2010-10-06T20:40:34","date_gmt":"2010-10-06T18:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/06\/145\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"145","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/145\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fd\u017eivou proti rakovin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O vlivu v\u00fd\u017eivy na vznik zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f. <\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/nemoci\/pohar%20brokolicovy.jpg\" alt=\"pohar brokolicovy\" width=\"74\" height=\"148\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>Zhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor u n\u00e1s b\u011bhem \u017eivota postihne asi ka\u017ed\u00e9ho t\u0159et\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka. N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny (nap\u0159. d\u011bdi\u010dnost, v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 faktory v\u010detn\u011b obezity, kou\u0159en\u00ed, pit\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span>, n\u00edzkou pohybovou aktivitu, infek\u010dn\u00ed choroby, pracovn\u00ed expozici a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed). Ud\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee spr\u00e1vnou v\u00fd\u017eivou by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit vzniku a\u017e 35 % zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/div>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 slo\u017eky stravy mohou p\u0159ed rakovinou chr\u00e1nit, jin\u00e9 maj\u00ed prokazateln\u011b rakovinotvorn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. V\u00fdznam maj\u00ed jak l\u00e1tky p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed v potravin\u00e1ch, tak l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se do potravin dostanou v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdroby, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 \u00fapravy.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 faktory uplat\u0148uj\u00ed ve vztahu k n\u00e1dor\u016fm?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Energetick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem a obezita<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsun energie, ne\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00fddeji, zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed obecn\u011b. <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Obezita<\/a> zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku n\u00e1doru d\u011blohy, ledvin, prsu, \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku a tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Vl\u00e1knina<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/102\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vl\u00e1knina<\/a> pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vznikem n\u00e1dor\u016f tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed n\u00e1dory vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a prsu. Pod pojmem vl\u00e1knina je skryto mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00fdch slo\u017eek obsa\u017een\u00fdch v ovoci, zelenin\u011b, obilovin\u00e1ch a lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch. V\u011bt\u0161inou ale nelze p\u0159esn\u011b odli\u0161it, na\u010d m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 slo\u017eka <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv. Potraviny bohat\u00e9 na vl\u00e1kninu nav\u00edc obsahuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 slo\u017eky \u2013 vitaminy, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky a dal\u0161\u00ed velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. \u00da\u010dinek samostatn\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> proto nelze od celkov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku ovoce, zeleniny a dal\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1kninov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f striktn\u011b odd\u011blit. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se doporu\u010duje pravideln\u00e1 konzumace potravin bohat\u00fdch na vl\u00e1kninu ne\u017e konzumace izolovan\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> v podob\u011b potravinov\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> je 25 g, ale d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed 10 let by m\u011bly vl\u00e1kninu dost\u00e1vat podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho vzorce:\u00a0 k v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte se p\u0159ipo\u010dte p\u011bt gram\u016f <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Tuky<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tuky jsou podez\u0159\u00edv\u00e1ny, \u017ee p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmu zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko vzniku n\u00e1dor\u016f tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku, prostaty prsu, mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 endometria, vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Role jednotliv\u00fdch skupin mastn\u00fdch kyselin nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e1 a v\u00fdsledky proveden\u00fdch studi\u00ed jsou kontroverzn\u00ed. Dle n\u011bkter\u00fdch studi\u00ed pouze vysoce nenenasycen\u00e9 omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny maj\u00ed ochrann\u00fd efekt a sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko vzniku n\u00e1dor\u016f prsu, tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Vitaminy, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky a stopov\u00e9 prvky<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>V ochran\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00e1dorov\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na vitamin C, E, beta karoten, zinek a selen. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinek je ale prok\u00e1z\u00e1n, pokud jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed potravin, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jich obsahuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed. Jejich p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv v podob\u011b potravn\u00edch dopl\u0148k\u016f prok\u00e1z\u00e1n nebyl.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/nemoci\/pomerancovy%20juice.jpg\" alt=\"pomerancovy juice\" width=\"135\" height=\"214\" \/>Ovoce a zelenina<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Konzumace ovoce a zeleniny m\u00e1 prok\u00e1zan\u00fd ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na vznik n\u00e1dor\u016f \u00fast, hltanu, hrtanu, j\u00edcnu, plic, \u017ealudku, tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch, jako jsou n\u00e1dory prsu, slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e. Jedn\u00e1 se vesm\u011bs o \u00fa\u010dinek ovoce a zeleniny jako celku. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f n\u00e1dor\u016f se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd i vliv konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch slo\u017eek ovoce a zeleniny (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips219'>vl\u00e1kniny<\/span>, vitamin\u016f, miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek a l\u00e1tek ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako fytochemik\u00e1lie, co\u017e je obs\u00e1hl\u00e1 skupina rostlinn\u00fdch slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed). Zat\u00edm se ov\u0161em vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinek l\u00e1tek obsa\u017een\u00fdch v ovoci a zelenin\u011b je komplexn\u00ed a nelze jej nahradit samostatn\u011b izolovan\u00fdmi prepar\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Maso<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vysok\u00e1 konzumace p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010derven\u00e9ho masa (hov\u011bz\u00ed, vep\u0159ov\u00e9) podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch studi\u00ed zvy\u0161uje riziko n\u00e1doru tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, prostaty a ledvin. Konzumace\u00a0ryb m\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinek sp\u00ed\u0161e ochrann\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdroba, zp\u016fsoby skladov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin a p\u0159\u00edprava stravy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu se do potraviny mohou dostat kontaminuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, nap\u0159\u00edklad zbytky p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v boji proti plevel\u016fm a \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm. Naopak c\u00edlen\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/23\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/a>, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zlep\u0161it vlastnosti dan\u00e9 potraviny. Tyto l\u00e1tky mohou b\u00fdt teoreticky \u0161kodliv\u00e9 ve vztahu k n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, v\u0161e ale podl\u00e9h\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 kontrole a riziko by m\u011blo b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i nevhodn\u00e9m zp\u016fsobu skladov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k r\u016fstu <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/70\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">potravinov\u00fdch pl\u00edsn\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00e9 mohou produkovat pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy mykotoxiny, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 maj\u00ed prokazateln\u011b rakovinotvorn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky (nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aflatoxin B1 se spolupod\u00edl\u00ed na vzniku rakoviny jater).<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je i dom\u00e1c\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/77\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zp\u016fsob p\u0159\u00edpravy stravy<\/a>: p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed velmi vysok\u00fdch teplot p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed, pe\u010den\u00ed, sma\u017een\u00ed a grilov\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed v potravin\u00e1ch ke vzniku slou\u010denin s prokazateln\u011b rakovinotvorn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky hlavn\u011b na\u00a0tlust\u00e9 st\u0159evo a kone\u010dn\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkohol<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee konzumace <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/142\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkoholu<\/span><\/a> zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku n\u011bkter\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fast, hltanu, hrtanu, j\u00edcnu, jater, tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku a prsu. Riziko se zvy\u0161uje ji\u017e p\u0159i pravideln\u00e9 konzumaci jedn\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e1vky (nap\u0159. 0,5 l piva denn\u011b).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em>Kolektiv autor\u016f, Manu\u00e1l prevence a \u010dasn\u00e9 detekce n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Masaryk\u016fv onkologick\u00fd \u00fastav, Brno 2002, s. 49-61<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Fiala, J., V\u00fd\u017eiva a riziko rakoviny \u2013 \u010d\u00e1st I: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy. V\u00fd\u017eiva a potraviny 2004\/1 (59), s. 16-19<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips219','Vl\u00e1knina jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti rostlinn\u00fdch potravin, kter\u00e9 na\u0161e t\u011blo nedok\u00e1\u017ee rozlo\u017eit. \u010c\u00e1st vl\u00e1kniny \u0159ad\u00edme mezi sacharidy, \u010d\u00e1st je tvo\u0159ena jin\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi slou\u010deninami. Vl\u00e1knina m\u00e1 \u0159adu prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed \u2013 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 formov\u00e1n\u00ed stolice a pravideln\u00e9mu vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00e1\u017ee na sebe vodu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z\u00a0potravy, nap\u0159\u00edklad cholesterol.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O vlivu v\u00fd\u017eivy na vznik zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\nZhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor u n\u00e1s b\u011bhem \u017eivota postihne asi ka\u017ed\u00e9ho t\u0159et\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka. N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny (nap\u0159. d\u011bdi\u010dnost, v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 faktory v\u010detn\u011b obezity, kou\u0159en\u00ed, pit\u00ed alkoholu, n\u00edzkou pohybovou aktivitu, infek\u010dn\u00ed choroby, pracovn\u00ed expozici a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed). Ud\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee spr\u00e1vnou v\u00fd\u017eivou by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit vzniku a\u017e 35 % zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nadory-a-vyiva"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=653"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1573,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions\/1573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}