{"id":657,"date":"2010-10-04T21:04:29","date_gmt":"2010-10-04T19:04:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/04\/161\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"161","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/161\/","title":{"rendered":"Cukrovka a jej\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O projevech cukrovky, komplikac\u00edch a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee postihnout v ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u011bku. Touto nemoc\u00ed mohou trp\u011bt d\u011bti i dosp\u011bl\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/nemoci\/cukrovka.jpg\" alt=\"cukrovka\" width=\"88\" height=\"83\" \/><\/div>\n<p>O tom, co je cukrovka a jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny se do\u010dtete <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/138\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edznaky cukrovky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i vysok\u00e9 hladin\u011b cukru v krvi se cukr dost\u00e1v\u00e1 z krve do mo\u010de a strh\u00e1v\u00e1 s sebou velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody a soli. Hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou proto \u010dast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed (polyurie) a trval\u00e1 \u017e\u00edze\u0148 (polydpsie). Posti\u017een\u00fd zprvu hodn\u011b pije a hodn\u011b j\u00ed, a p\u0159esto v\u00fdrazn\u011b hubne. Pozd\u011bji se objev\u00ed v mo\u010di a v dechu aceton, \u017e\u00edze\u0148 se stup\u0148uje a hlad se m\u011bn\u00ed v nechutenstv\u00ed. Nastupuje \u00fanava a podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost, p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 se bolest b\u0159icha spojen\u00e1 se zvracen\u00edm. P\u0159i leh\u010d\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhu mohou na nemoc upozornit poruchy vid\u011bn\u00ed, u d\u011bv\u010dat a u \u017een sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed zevn\u00edch rodidel doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt (d\u016fsledek cukru v mo\u010di). U cukrovky 2. typu jsou tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky v\u011bt\u0161inou m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 a nemoc je bohu\u017eel \u010dasto rozpozn\u00e1na a\u017e po n\u011bkolika letech, kdy u\u017e se vyskytuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed komplikace. \u010casto je cukrovka 2. typu zji\u0161t\u011bna n\u00e1hodn\u011b p\u0159i preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce, kter\u00e1 odhal\u00ed vysokou hladinu cukru v krvi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u016fsledky cukrovky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bez dobr\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st cukrovka k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdm \u010di dlouhodob\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm.\u00a0 Jejich v\u00fdskyt je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd d\u00e9lce onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proto jsou t\u011bmito komplikacemi ze v\u0161ech diabetik\u016f nejv\u00edce ohro\u017eeny pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u011bti a ml\u00e1de\u017e, proto\u017ee \u017eij\u00ed s t\u00edmto onemocn\u011bn\u00edm nejd\u00e9le.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 komplikace cukrovky pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina cukru (hypoglyk\u00e9mie), ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osoby, kter\u00e9 si injek\u010dn\u011b aplikuj\u00ed inzulin. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1 d\u00e1vka inzulinu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u011b hladinu cukru v krvi a m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat ztr\u00e1tu v\u011bdom\u00ed. Hypoglyk\u00e9mie se d\u00e1 rychle vy\u0159e\u0161it pod\u00e1n\u00edm kostky cukru. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips248'>diabetici<\/span> maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sklon k infek\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. \u010cast\u00e9 jsou infekce doln\u00edch kon\u010detin nebo mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 nemoci se <a><\/a>u pacient\u016f s cukrovkou vyskytuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 populaci a tak\u00e9 u nich m\u00edvaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh a hor\u0161\u00ed progn\u00f3zu. Srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00ed nemoci pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00famrt\u00ed, v Evrop\u011b jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed 75 % diabetik\u016f. Asi 10 % diabetik\u016f trp\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm zraku a 2 % jich po 15 letech nemoci oslepne. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin je velkou hrozbou, trp\u00ed j\u00edm t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina diabetik\u016f od 50 let v\u011bku. Cukrovka po\u0161kozuje tak\u00e9 nervy, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b citlivosti na noh\u00e1ch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na rukou, bolestem nohou a probl\u00e9m\u016fm se spr\u00e1vnou funkc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f. Nedostatek citlivosti v noh\u00e1ch vede k r\u016fzn\u00fdm poran\u011bn\u00edm (ta se u diabetik\u016f velmi \u0161patn\u011b hoj\u00ed) a m\u016f\u017ee kon\u010dit a\u017e amputac\u00ed. Vhodn\u00fdm inzulinov\u00fdm programem a dietou lze diabetick\u00e9 komplikace v\u00fdznamn\u011b odd\u00e1lit.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u00e9\u010dba cukrovky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem l\u00e9\u010dby cukrovky je \u00faprava hladiny cukru v krvi a jin\u00fdch biochemick\u00fdch parametr\u016f, t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti pokud vybo\u010duje z normy, odstran\u011bn\u00ed subjektivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f a p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed vzniku org\u00e1nov\u00fdch po\u0161kozen\u00ed i komplikuj\u00edc\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. \u00daprava biochemick\u00fdch parametr\u016f by sama o sob\u011b znamenala spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f, ale zat\u00edm je (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u cukrovky 1. typu) nedosti\u017eiteln\u00fdm ide\u00e1lem, ke kter\u00e9mu se m\u016f\u017eeme jen p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit. L\u00e9\u010dba cukrovky m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>inzulinovou terapii<\/li>\n<li>pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f (tzv. peror\u00e1ln\u00edch antidiabetik)<\/li>\n<li>diabetickou dietu<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd t\u011blesn\u00fd pohyb<\/li>\n<li>a l\u00e9\u010dbu komplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Inzulinov\u00e1 terapie <\/strong>je \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 hlavn\u011b pro <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips248'>diabetiky<\/span> 1. typu. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips248'>diabetici<\/span> 2. typu b\u00fdvaj\u00ed\u00a0\u010dasto nez\u00e1visl\u00ed na pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed inzulinu a l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed se jen dietou nebo dietou a tabletkami (peror\u00e1ln\u00ed antidiabetika).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dietn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba <\/strong>je nezbytn\u00e1 p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho diabetika bez ohledu na typ cukrovky a v\u011bk nemocn\u00e9ho. Strava m\u00e1 zajistit v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u0161echny \u017eiviny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji organismu v dob\u011b r\u016fstu a pozd\u011bji k plnohodnotn\u00e9mu aktivn\u00edmu \u017eivotu. M\u011bla by se co nejv\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit racion\u00e1ln\u00ed strav\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e slo\u017een\u00ed je ovlivn\u011bno i snahou p\u016fsobit ochrann\u011b proti civiliza\u010dn\u00edm chorob\u00e1m. P\u0159i volb\u011b diabetick\u00e9 diety se mus\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet k energetick\u00e9mu obsahu diety, k pom\u011bru tuk\u016f, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span> a b\u00edlkovin, k \u010dasov\u00e9mu rozvr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmu stravy a k v\u00fdb\u011bru potravin podle jejich vhodnosti a nevhodnosti. P\u0159i tom v\u0161em je nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t ohled na stupe\u0148 poruchy, t\u011blesnou hmotnost a v\u00fd\u0161ku, v\u011bk, pohlav\u00ed, zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a schopnosti pacienta dodr\u017eovat l\u00e9\u010dbu. Je tedy z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee diabetick\u00e1 dieta je dietou individu\u00e1ln\u00ed, i kdy\u017e se v praxi neobejde bez pou\u017eit\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch schematick\u00fdch vzorc\u016f, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako podklad k jej\u00edmu sestaven\u00ed. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed diety pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky l\u00e9\u010dby cukrovky, ale pro v\u011bt\u0161inu pacient\u016f je v praxi \u010dasto velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dietn\u00ed pokyny dlouhodob\u011b dodr\u017eovat. Vy\u017eaduje to nejen znalosti o potravin\u00e1ch a jejich slo\u017een\u00ed, ale obvykle tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnu za\u017eit\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips248'>diabetici<\/span> \u010dasto trp\u00ed nadv\u00e1hou a obezitou, zejm\u00e9na ti s cukrovkou 2. typu. Proto je c\u00edlem diety p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm <strong>redukce t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti<\/strong>. T\u011blesn\u00e1 aktivita nav\u00edc ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b citlivost tk\u00e1n\u00ed na inzulin, vede k poklesu hladiny tuk\u016f v krvi a p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148uje metabolismus <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span>. Pot\u0159eba inzulinu po t\u011blesn\u00e9m cvi\u010den\u00ed kles\u00e1, a aby nedo\u0161lo k hypoglyk\u00e9mii, je t\u0159eba p\u0159ed n\u00e1mahou n\u00e1razov\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159\u00edvod <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span>. Vhodn\u00e9 jsou proch\u00e1zky, turistika, j\u00edzda na kole a dal\u0161\u00ed rekrea\u010dn\u00ed sporty.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Desatero rad pro pacienty s cukrovkou<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sna\u017ete se poznat sv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed!\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Vyhled\u00e1vejte si nov\u00e9 informace o sv\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a poznatky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ejte do sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/li>\n<li>Nebojte se o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e zeptat na jak\u00fdkoli probl\u00e9m, jist\u011b v\u00e1m r\u00e1d porad\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmejte se nejen o hladinu cukru, ale i o hladinu <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips188'>cholesterolu<\/span>, krevn\u00ed tlak a hmotnost.<\/li>\n<li>Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 diety je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby, i kdy\u017e jste l\u00e9\u010deni tabletami nebo inzulinem.<\/li>\n<li>Stravujte se pravideln\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>Za\u0159a\u010fte do sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota pravidelnou fyzickou aktivitu.<\/li>\n<li>Sni\u017ete p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b svou hmotnost. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti o 5 \u2013 10 % v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje riziko vzniku diabetick\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pe\u010dujte o sv\u00e9 nohy. Noste pohodlnou obuv, vyvarujete se tak otlak\u016fm a od\u0159enin\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>Informujte o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e o v\u0161ech zm\u011bn\u00e1ch va\u0161eho zdravotn\u00edho stavu, pop\u0159. zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Nezapom\u00ednejte, \u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed si l\u00e9\u010d\u00edte kv\u016fli sob\u011b, nikoli kv\u016fli l\u00e9ka\u0159i!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips248','Diabetik = osoba nemocn\u00e1 cukrovkou (diabetem).'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips248','Diabetik = osoba nemocn\u00e1 cukrovkou (diabetem).'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips326','DHA = dokosahexaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O projevech cukrovky, komplikac\u00edch a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee postihnout v ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u011bku. Touto nemoc\u00ed mohou trp\u011bt d\u011bti i dosp\u011bl\u00e9.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nO tom, co je cukrovka a jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny se do\u010dtete zde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":373,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cukrovka"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=657"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1575,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions\/1575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}