{"id":658,"date":"2010-10-04T21:01:17","date_gmt":"2010-10-04T19:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/04\/138\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"138","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/138\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je cukrovka?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O tom, co je cukrovka a jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/cukrovka.jpg\" alt=\"cukrovka\" width=\"167\" height=\"85\" \/>Cukrovka neboli \u00faplavice cukrov\u00e1 je <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips204'>chronick\u00e9<\/span> celo\u017eivotn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zkracuje \u017eivot posti\u017een\u00fdch v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 10 let. Je zn\u00e1ma ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed. Odborn\u011b se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 diabetes mellitus. Slovem diabetes je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en fakt, \u017ee voda prot\u00e9k\u00e1 t\u011blem jako rourou, mellitus poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho medem osladit \u2013 mo\u010d diabetik\u016f (osob posti\u017een\u00fdch cukrovkou) je sladk\u00e1. V minulosti se mo\u010d diabetik\u016f ochutn\u00e1vala, proto\u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159i starov\u011bku a st\u0159edov\u011bku mohli vy\u0161et\u0159it pacientovu mo\u010d jen pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch smysl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i cukrovce je naru\u0161ena l\u00e1tkov\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bna <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span>, tuk\u016f, b\u00edlkovin, vody a elektrolyt\u016f. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni a \u010dasto i org\u00e1nov\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou v\u011bt\u0161iny t\u011bchto zm\u011bn je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cukru v krvi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Typy cukrovky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rozli\u0161ujeme dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy cukrovky. Cukrovka 1. typu vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed inzulinu slinivkou b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje l\u00e9\u010dbu inzulinem. Cukrovka 2. typu vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku inzulinu a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou je dieta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cukrovka 1. typu <\/strong>je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na inzulinu a ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v ml\u00e1d\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy propukla a\u017e v 70 letech. Naproti tomu <strong>cukrovka 2. typu <\/strong>(nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na inzulinu) se objevuje nej\u010dast\u011bji ve st\u0159edn\u00edm a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku u ob\u00e9zn\u00edch osob.<\/p>\n<p>Mimoto existuj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed druhy cukrovky, nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0 t\u011bhotensk\u00e1, \u010di sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed cukrovka vyvolan\u00e1 jin\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm (onemocn\u011bn\u00ed slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, pod\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed syndromy apod.).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina cukrovky <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina cukrovky 1. a 2. typu se li\u0161\u00ed, u obou v\u0161ak hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli hormon inzulin, kter\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 sni\u017euje hladinu cukru v krvi. Je vytv\u00e1\u0159en slinivkou b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Cukrovka 1. typu vznik\u00e1 tak, \u017ee obrann\u00fd (imunitn\u00ed) syst\u00e9m se obr\u00e1t\u00ed proti bu\u0148k\u00e1m slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Dojde k autoimunitn\u00edmu z\u00e1n\u011btu, kter\u00fd po\u0161kod\u00ed bu\u0148ky natolik, \u017ee nejsou schopny vyr\u00e1b\u011bt inzulin, co\u017e je hormon, kter\u00fd \u201eodkl\u00edz\u00ed\u201c cukr z krve do tk\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159i cukrovce hladina cukru v krvi neomezen\u011b stoup\u00e1 a vznik\u00e1 hyperglyk\u00e9mie (zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cukru v krvi). Nezn\u00e1me dosud p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu tohoto z\u00e1n\u011btu, ale v\u00edme, \u017ee zde hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli d\u011bdi\u010dnost a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b virov\u00e1 infekce.<\/p>\n<p>Cukrovka 2. typu vznik\u00e1 ze zcela jin\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu. Slinivka b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed neztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou schopnost tvo\u0159it inzulin, n\u011bkdy ho vyr\u00e1b\u00ed dokonce v\u00edce ne\u017e u zdrav\u00fdch osob. Ov\u0161em tk\u00e1n\u011b na inzulin nereaguj\u00ed, cukr z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v krvi a jeho hladina stoup\u00e1. Hovo\u0159\u00edme o inzulinov\u00e9 resistenci. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je \u0161patn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl charakterizovan\u00fd nedostatkem pohybu a nadv\u00e1hou. Osoby s cukrovkou 2. typu trp\u00ed \u010dasto i vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem, zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinou tuk\u016f v krvi a obezitou. Tyto poruchy dohromady tvo\u0159\u00ed metabolick\u00fd syndrom nebo tak\u00e9 syndrom X.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edce se o cukrovce, jej\u00edch projevech a komplikac\u00edch do\u010dtete <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/161\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips204','Chronick\u00e9 = dlouhodob\u00e9'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O tom, co je cukrovka a jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nCukrovka neboli \u00faplavice cukrov\u00e1 je chronick\u00e9 celo\u017eivotn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zkracuje \u017eivot posti\u017een\u00fdch v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 10 let. Je zn\u00e1ma ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed. Odborn\u011b se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 diabetes mellitus. Slovem diabetes je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en fakt, \u017ee voda prot\u00e9k\u00e1 t\u011blem jako rourou, mellitus poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho medem osladit \u2013 mo\u010d diabetik\u016f (osob posti\u017een\u00fdch cukrovkou) je sladk\u00e1. V minulosti se mo\u010d diabetik\u016f ochutn\u00e1vala, proto\u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159i starov\u011bku a st\u0159edov\u011bku mohli vy\u0161et\u0159it pacientovu mo\u010d jen pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch smysl\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cukrovka"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=658"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1576,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions\/1576"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}