{"id":669,"date":"2010-10-03T10:40:18","date_gmt":"2010-10-03T08:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/03\/128\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"128","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/128\/","title":{"rendered":"Dvoj\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159 cholesterolu"},"content":{"rendered":"

O cholesterolu<\/span>, jeho dobr\u00fdch a \u0161patn\u00fdch vlastnostech, vlivu na zdrav\u00ed a v\u00fdskytu v potravin\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

 \"cholesterol\"<\/p>\n

Cholesterol<\/span> je l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 je pro n\u00e1\u0161 organizmus naprosto nepostradateln\u00e1 – pot\u0159ebujeme ho pro tvorbu n\u011bkter\u00fdch hormon\u016f<\/span> (kortikoid\u016f<\/span>, pohlavn\u00edch hormon\u016f<\/span>), vitaminu D a \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin<\/span>. Je tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00edm stavebn\u00edm kamenem bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bun\u011bk a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lipoprotein\u016f – \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 na sebe v\u00e1\u017eou tuky a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed je do r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/p>\n

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Obavy z cholesterolu<\/span> ve \u017eloutc\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obavy z cholesterolu<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu poklesu spot\u0159eby vajec ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00ed, \u010ceskou republiku nevyj\u00edmaje. D\u0159\u00edve se doporu\u010dovalo vylou\u010dit z j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku v\u0161echny potraviny s vysok\u00fdm obsahem cholesterolu<\/span>, tedy i vejce. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu v\u0161ak byly mnoh\u00e9 z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postoj\u016f p\u0159ehodnoceny, Cholesterol<\/span> p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fd potravou je v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b posuzov\u00e1n o trochu shov\u00edvav\u011bji. Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee na hladinu cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e Cholesterol<\/span> obsa\u017een\u00fd v potrav\u011b vliv p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 geny (ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jeho tvorbu a odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v organizmu), a d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nasycen\u00fdch a trans nenasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f v potrav\u011b (vysok\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi je rizikov\u00fd faktor srde\u010dn\u011b c\u00e9vn\u00edch chorob). Podle mnoha odborn\u00edk\u016f proto nep\u0159edstavuje p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 konzumace vajec pro zdrav\u00e9 jedince riziko. Nav\u00edc vejce obsahuj\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd lecitin<\/span>, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b proti ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed cholesterolu<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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M\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1m Cholesterol<\/span> u\u0161kodit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159i nadm\u011brn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu potravou nebo p\u0159i vrozen\u00e9 dispozici k jeho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladin\u011b v krvi se Cholesterol<\/span> ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do c\u00e9vn\u00edch st\u011bn a pod\u00edl\u00ed se na vzniku tzv. ateromov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tu. St\u011bna tepny se ztlu\u0161\u0165uje, tepna se zu\u017euje, omezuje se pr\u016ftok krve c\u00e9vou a t\u00edm i z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dasti t\u011bla kysl\u00edkem a \u017eivinami. Tento stav naz\u00fdv\u00e1me ateroskler\u00f3za a m\u016f\u017ee vy\u00fastit v \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 \u010di \u00fapln\u00e9 ucp\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9vy.V\u00edce se o ateroskler\u00f3ze a jej\u00edch komplikac\u00edch do\u010dtete zde<\/a> a zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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V\u00fdroba a p\u0159enos cholesterolu<\/span> v t\u011ble<\/strong><\/p>\n

Velkou \u010d\u00e1st cholesterolu<\/span> si na\u0161e t\u011blo vyrob\u00ed samo, ale n\u011bco mu p\u0159ece jen mus\u00edme dod\u00e1vat potravou (asi jednu \u010dtvrtinu). V t\u011ble se Cholesterol<\/span> vyr\u00e1b\u00ed hlavn\u011b v j\u00e1trech, v\u00e1\u017ee se na b\u00edlkoviny a tvo\u0159\u00ed s nimi \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1me lipoproteiny. Ty na sebe v\u00e1\u017eou tuky a rozn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed je krv\u00ed po cel\u00e9m t\u011ble. Lipoproteiny d\u011bl\u00edme podle hustoty na VLDL, LDL a HDL. P\u0159i nadbytku cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi se Cholesterol<\/span> nav\u00e1zan\u00fd na LDL \u010d\u00e1stice ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do st\u011bn c\u00e9v a po\u0161kozuje je (tento Cholesterol<\/span> naz\u00fdv\u00e1me L<\/strong>DL-Cholesterol<\/span>, L<\/strong> jako L<\/strong>ump). Naopak HDL \u010d\u00e1stice odkl\u00edz\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00fd Cholesterol<\/span> z krve do jater, kde je odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n (Cholesterol<\/span> na n\u011b nav\u00e1zan\u00fd naz\u00fdv\u00e1me H<\/strong>DL-Cholesterol<\/span>, H<\/strong> jako H<\/strong>odn\u00fd).<\/p>\n

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Doporu\u010den\u00e9 hladiny cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Doporu\u010den\u00e1 hladina LDL-cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi by nem\u011bla p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 3 mmol\/l. Hladina HDL-cholesterolu<\/span> by naopak m\u011bla b\u00fdt co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, u mu\u017e\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 mmol\/l, u \u017een vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1,3 mmol\/l. Celkov\u00fd Cholesterol<\/span> v krvi by m\u011bl b\u00fdt do 5 mmol\/l. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladiny (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b HDL-cholesterolu<\/span> ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed) znamenaj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vzniku srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edch chorob. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t sv\u00e9 hladiny cholesterolu<\/span> i tuk\u016f v krvi a nechat si je ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky zm\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n

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Co zvy\u0161uje hladinu cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vysok\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena jednak nezdrav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota (kou\u0159en\u00ed, obezita, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 strava, nedostatek pohybu\u2026), tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dan\u00e1 geneticky (d\u011bd\u00edme ji po rodi\u010d\u00edch \u010di prarodi\u010d\u00edch). M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zv\u00fd\u0161ena i u n\u011bkter\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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M\u016f\u017eeme ovlivnit hladinu cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hladiny cholesterolu<\/span> i tuk\u016f v krvi lze dob\u0159e ovlivnit spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem stravy, pohybem a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f zanech\u00e1n\u00edm kou\u0159en\u00edm. V\u00edce o tom, jak m\u016f\u017eeme ovlivnit zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny cholesterolu<\/span> a tuk\u016f v krvi se do\u010dtete zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Kde najdeme Cholesterol<\/span> ve strav\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cholesterol<\/span> se vyskytuje pouze u \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f – t\u00edm p\u00e1dem pouze v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 potrav\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina cholesterolu<\/span> v potrav\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z vaje\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eloutku, tu\u010dn\u00fdch ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f (smetana, tu\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fdry, smetanov\u00e9 jogurty, m\u00e1slo\u2026) a tu\u010dn\u00e9ho masa, jater, moze\u010dku a jin\u00fdch vnit\u0159nost\u00ed. U ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f plat\u00ed pravidlo, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce tuku, t\u00edm v\u00edce cholesterolu<\/span>. U masa toto pravidlo neplat\u00ed, nebo\u0165 i netu\u010dn\u00e1 ku\u0159ec\u00ed prsa jsou zdrojem cholesterolu<\/span>.
V diet\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 s ohledem na prevenci ateroskler\u00f3zy a jej\u00edch komplikac\u00ed (mrtvi\u010dka, srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt) v\u0161ak nen\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zdaleka jen p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu<\/span>, ale hlavn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjem nasycen\u00fdch a trans tuk\u016f. Jejich p\u0159\u00edjem, stejn\u011b jako celkov\u00fd denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem energie, je nutn\u00e9 s ohledem na hladinu cholesterolu<\/span> v krvi sn\u00ed\u017eit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad libov\u00e9 dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed \u010di jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed maso je bohat\u0161\u00edm zdrojem cholesterolu<\/span> ne\u017e tu\u010dn\u00e9 vep\u0159ov\u00e9, ale m\u00e1 velmi n\u00edzk\u00fd obsah nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/span> a tuk\u016f v\u016fbec, a proto jej odborn\u00edci na rozd\u00edl od tu\u010dn\u00e9ho vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho doporu\u010duj\u00ed. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it pod\u00edl vl\u00e1kniny<\/span> a nenasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f v potrav\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

So\u0161ka V. Poruchy metabolizmu lipid\u016f. Diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba. Grada 2001.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

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