{"id":670,"date":"2010-10-03T10:27:52","date_gmt":"2010-10-03T08:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2010\/10\/03\/126\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:34","slug":"126","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/126\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je ateroskler\u00f3za"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Co je ateroskler\u00f3za a jak\u00e9 nemoci vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/nemoci\/ceva_2.jpg\" alt=\"ceva_2\" width=\"110\" height=\"96\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ateroskler\u00f3za je degenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bny, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tuhnut\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bny a zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edho pr\u016fsvitu. Lidov\u011b se mluv\u00ed o ucp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9v. Rozv\u00edj\u00ed se pomalu a nen\u00e1padn\u011b, \u010dasto ji\u017e od d\u011btstv\u00ed. \u0158adu let prob\u00edh\u00e1 bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, bezbolestn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>St\u011bny c\u00e9v se ztlu\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed (n\u011bkdy ji\u017e od d\u011btstv\u00ed), na \u010dem\u017e se pod\u00edl\u00ed v\u00edce faktor\u016f: jsou zan\u00e1\u0161eny tukov\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm cholesterolem, a p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 v nich vazivo a svalov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. C\u00e9vy postupn\u011b tvrdnou, ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed pru\u017enost a jejich pr\u016fsvit se zu\u017euje. Takto nemocn\u00e1 c\u00e9va pak vypad\u00e1 jako star\u00e9 vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m jsou tlust\u00e9 vrstvy usazenin, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016ftoku vody. V c\u00e9v\u011b tyto usazeniny naz\u00fdv\u00e1me <strong>aterosklerotick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ty<\/strong>. Ty omezuj\u00ed pr\u016ftok krve c\u00e9vou a n\u00e1sledkem toho jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla nedostate\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1sobov\u00e1ny kysl\u00edkem a \u017eivinami.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nemoci, kter\u00e9 ateroskler\u00f3za zp\u016fsobuje<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ateroskler\u00f3za o sob\u011b dlouho ned\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bd\u011bt, nijak se na venek neprojevuje. P\u0159\u00edznaky se objev\u00ed, a\u017e kdy\u017e dojde ke kritick\u00e9mu z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed c\u00e9vy nebo jej\u00edmu \u00fapln\u00e9mu uz\u00e1v\u011bru. Projevy jsou potom velmi rozmanit\u00e9 a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, ve kter\u00e9 se posti\u017een\u00e1 c\u00e9va nal\u00e9z\u00e1 a kterou z\u00e1sobuje kysl\u00edkem a \u017eivinami. P\u0159\u00edznaky mohou b\u00fdt velmi dramatick\u00e9, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pokud dojde k n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu uz\u00e1v\u011bru n\u011bkter\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed tepny (srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt, mozkov\u00e1 mrtvice, uz\u00e1v\u011br tepen doln\u00edch kon\u010detin apod.).<\/p>\n<p>K <strong>srde\u010dn\u00edmu infarktu<\/strong> (infarkt myokardu, IM) dojde p\u0159i ucp\u00e1n\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed tepny. Projevuje se n\u00e1hlou krutou bolest\u00ed na hrudi, kter\u00e1 typicky vyst\u0159eluje do lev\u00e9 pa\u017ee (ale p\u0159\u00edznaky mohou b\u00fdt i zcela netypick\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>Srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny chorob, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1me <strong>ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed <\/strong>(<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips314'>ICHS<\/span>), p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se sni\u017euje pr\u016ftok krve srde\u010dn\u00edm svalem z d\u016fvodu z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fsvitu c\u00e9v. \u0158ad\u00edme sem tak\u00e9 <strong>anginu pectoris <\/strong>(chronick\u00e1 forma onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se bolest\u00ed na hrudi p\u0159i n\u00e1maze).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mozkov\u00e1 mrtvice<\/strong> vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e se n\u00e1hle ucpe n\u011bkter\u00e1 z mozkov\u00fdch tepen (m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 zp\u016fsobena prasknut\u00edm mozkov\u00e9 tepny a krv\u00e1cen\u00edm do mozku). P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mozku p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt z\u00e1sobena krv\u00ed (tedy kysl\u00edkem a \u017eivinami) a podle toho, kter\u00e1 oblast mozku byla posti\u017eena, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b v\u011bdom\u00ed, ztr\u00e1t\u011b citlivosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla, ztr\u00e1t\u011b hybnosti kon\u010detin \u010di po\u0161kozen\u00ed mimiky obli\u010deje. \u010casto b\u00fdv\u00e1 posti\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla jednostrann\u00e9. Zm\u011bny mohou b\u00fdt i nevratn\u00e9. M\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm projevem b\u00fdv\u00e1 tzv. <strong>tranzitorn\u00ed ischemick\u00e1 ataka <\/strong>(TIA), kter\u00e1 se projev\u00ed chvilkov\u00fdm bezv\u011bdom\u00edm a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b rychle se upravuj\u00edc\u00edmi zm\u011bnami hybnosti, \u0159e\u010di \u010di c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed. Mrtvi\u010dka postihuje zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed osoby.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ischemick\u00e1 choroba doln\u00edch kon\u010detin <\/strong>(ICHDK) je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tepen doln\u00edch kon\u010detin. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zm\u011bny na tepn\u00e1ch nep\u016fsob\u00ed znateln\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. Jak se nemoc zhor\u0161uje, dostavuje se bolest nohou, nejd\u0159\u00edve jen p\u0159i n\u00e1maze &#8211; naz\u00fdv\u00e1me ji n\u00e1mahovou, a nut\u00ed posti\u017eenou osobu p\u0159eru\u0161it pohybovou aktivitu (nap\u0159. ch\u016fzi). Trv\u00e1 jen chv\u00edli a je lokalizov\u00e1na hlavn\u011b v l\u00fdtku. Jak se probl\u00e9my zhor\u0161uj\u00ed, bolest se objevuje i v klidu, zprvu jen v noci, pozd\u011bji i ve dne. Noha je studen\u00e1, miz\u00ed z n\u00ed ochlupen\u00ed, \u010dasto je napad\u00e1na pl\u00edsn\u011bmi. Dlouhodob\u00e1 nedokrevnost vede ke vzniku ko\u017en\u00edch po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se \u0161patn\u011b hoj\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fapln\u00e9ho ucp\u00e1n\u00ed tepny je doln\u00ed kon\u010detina ohro\u017eena tzv. gangr\u00e9nou \u2013 odum\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b s n\u00e1slednou infekc\u00ed. Tento stav mnohdy kon\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou amputac\u00ed kon\u010detiny.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ateroskler\u00f3za je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch st\u00e1tech Evropy a USA<\/strong>, m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % v\u0161ech \u00famrt\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika pat\u0159\u00ed v \u00famrtnosti na komplikace ateroskler\u00f3zy na p\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsta ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>O tom, co ateroskler\u00f3zu vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme\u00a0p\u0159ed n\u00ed chr\u00e1nit, si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/127\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips188','Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00e1 je pro na\u0161e t\u011blo na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nepostradateln\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed se z n\u011bj nap\u0159\u00edklad hormony a vitamin D apod. V nadm\u011brn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee usazovat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v a ucp\u00e1vat je. Vyskytuje se ve v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, ale nevyskytuje se v rostlin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00e1st cholesterolu si t\u011blo samo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st se do t\u011bla dost\u00e1v\u00e1 konzumac\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch potravin. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem cholesterolu v potrav\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips314','Ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed (ICHS) je spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro skupinu chorob, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se sni\u017euje pr\u016ftok krve srde\u010dn\u00edm svalem z d\u016fvodu z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fsvitu c\u00e9v. \u0158ad\u00edme sem nap\u0159\u00edklad srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt a anginu pectoris. P\u0159\u00edznaky ischemick\u00e9 choroby srde\u010dn\u00ed se u jednotliv\u00fdch forem li\u0161\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou dominuje bolest na hrudi, pocit du\u0161nosti a \u00fazkost.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co je ateroskler\u00f3za a jak\u00e9 nemoci vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\nAteroskler\u00f3za je degenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bny, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tuhnut\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bny a zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edho pr\u016fsvitu. Lidov\u011b se mluv\u00ed o ucp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9v. Rozv\u00edj\u00ed se pomalu a nen\u00e1padn\u011b, \u010dasto ji\u017e od d\u011btstv\u00ed. \u0158adu let prob\u00edh\u00e1 bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, bezbolestn\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":372,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ateroskleroza"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1584,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670\/revisions\/1584"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}