{"id":692,"date":"2009-10-25T16:15:25","date_gmt":"2009-10-25T15:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2009\/10\/25\/121\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:13","slug":"121","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/121\/","title":{"rendered":"Tular\u00e9mie aneb kdy\u017e zaj\u00edci \u00fato\u010d\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O tular\u00e9mii, zaje\u010d\u00ed nemoci, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 zaj\u00edci a jin\u00fdmi voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a tak\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/studanka.jpg\" alt=\"studanka\" width=\"191\" height=\"247\" \/>Tular\u00e9mie je nemoc, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, \u010dasto u zaj\u00edc\u016f a hlodavc\u016f, proto se j\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkdy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 <strong>zaje\u010d\u00ed nemoc<\/strong>. Zp\u016fsobuje ji bakterie naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 <em>Francisella tularensis<\/em>. N\u00e1zev je odvozen od oblasti Tulare v Kalifornii, kde byla poprv\u00e9 v roce 1911 izolov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tular\u00e9mie je p\u0159enosn\u00e1 z voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch naka\u017een\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u010dlov\u011bka. Na jej\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed se v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata, ov\u00e1di apod., kte\u0159\u00ed se infikuj\u00ed s\u00e1n\u00edm na nemocn\u00e9m zv\u00ed\u0159eti a n\u00e1kazu potom rozn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Nakazit se lze kontaktem s nemocn\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty (nap\u0159\u00edklad vyvrhov\u00e1n\u00ed zaj\u00edc\u016f p\u0159i lovu, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed masa) \u010di vdechnut\u00edm prachu p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s materi\u00e1lem kontaminovan\u00fdm v\u00fdkaly naka\u017een\u00fdch hlodavc\u016f (pr\u00e1ce se senem, obilovinami apod.). Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje rovn\u011b\u017e po\u017eit\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b tepeln\u011b upraven\u00e9ho masa (nap\u0159. zaje\u010d\u00edho, kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00edho), kontaminovan\u00e9ho ovoce (nap\u0159. ovoce spadl\u00e9ho na zem) \u010di naka\u017een\u00e9 vody (nap\u0159. pit\u00ed z lesn\u00edch stud\u00e1nek). Tak\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata mohou b\u00fdt zdrojem infekce.<\/p>\n<p>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt tular\u00e9mie se objevuje obvykle v dob\u011b, kdy do\u0161lo k p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed hlodavc\u016f a \u010dlenovc\u016f (kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata apod.), kte\u0159\u00ed jsou rezervo\u00e1rem infekce.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doba od n\u00e1kazy k propuknut\u00ed nemoci<\/strong> trv\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 3\u20135 dn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se v\u0161ak pohybovat od n\u011bkolika hodin a\u017e do 3 t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/tularemie.jpg\" alt=\"tularemie\" width=\"114\" height=\"239\" \/>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nedot\u00fdkejte se uhynul\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at. P\u0159i manipulaci se zaj\u00edci \u010di jin\u00fdmi voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edvejte ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky (rukavice). Pokrmy z nich v\u017edy d\u016fkladn\u011b tepeln\u011b zpracujte. Nikdy nepijte vodu z nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Dbejte na zv\u00fd\u0161enou ochranu p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v prostorech s p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem hlodavc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se nemoc projevuje? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi projevy onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je hore\u010dka a celkov\u00e1 slabost. D\u00e1le z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se nakaz\u00edme, zda ko\u017en\u00ed cestou, p\u0159es za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt nebo d\u00fdchac\u00edmi cestami.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se bakterie dostane do styku s poran\u011bnou k\u016f\u017e\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad drobn\u00fdmi od\u011brkami na k\u016f\u017ei, z\u00e1d\u011brami), m\u016f\u017ee v m\u00edst\u011b poran\u011bn\u00ed vzniknout bolestiv\u00fd v\u0159\u00eddek a ko\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt. Dojde tak\u00e9 k zan\u00edcen\u00ed sp\u00e1dov\u00fdch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips143'>m\u00edzn\u00edch uzlin<\/span>, kter\u00e9 jsou zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e9 a na pohmat bolestiv\u00e9. <br \/>K n\u00e1kaze n\u011bkdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed i o\u010dn\u00ed cestou, kter\u00e1 se projevuje jako velmi bolestiv\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt spojivek, pop\u0159. cel\u00e9ho oka, pr\u016fvodn\u00edm jevem je i zdu\u0159en\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips143'>m\u00edzn\u00edch uzlin<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pr\u016fniku bakterie do d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest (vdechnut\u00ed kontaminovan\u00e9ho prachu) se objev\u00ed ka\u0161el, du\u0161nost a bolesti na hrudi a\u017e z\u00e1pal plic.<\/p>\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji doch\u00e1z\u00ed k onemocn\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips129'>kontaminovan\u00fdch<\/span> rukou nebo vodou, kdy bakterie proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es \u00fastn\u00ed dutinu do za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edho traktu. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke vzniku v\u0159\u00eddk\u016f a\u017e ke krv\u00e1cen\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edho traktu, objevuj\u00ed se bolesti b\u0159icha, pr\u016fjmy. N\u011bkdy je tato forma doprov\u00e1zena seps\u00ed a mnohoorg\u00e1nov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm. Vnikne-li bakterie do organizmu p\u0159es kr\u010dn\u00ed mandle, vznik\u00e1 forma angin\u00f3zn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se nemoc l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K l\u00e9\u010db\u011b tular\u00e9mie se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips210'>antibiotika<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 \u2026 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Francisella tularensis<\/em> je vysoce virulentn\u00ed bakterie a je proto \u0159azena mezi <strong>potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed biologick\u00e9 zbran\u011b<\/strong>. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se jedn\u00e1 o poddruh <em>Francisella tularensis<\/em> subsp. <em>tularensis<\/em>, kde k naka\u017een\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka sta\u010d\u00ed jen skute\u010dn\u011b velmi mal\u00e1 d\u00e1vka, kter\u00e1 ve form\u011b aerosolu zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e smrt mnoha lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro potraviny: Aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (infekce a otravy z potravin) SZU Brno 2005.<br \/>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, 3. LF a SZU, souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2004. <br \/><\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.khskv.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>Tular\u00e9mie a preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span>. Informace KHS Karlovarsk\u00e9ho kraje. <br \/>Larsson P, Svensson K, Karlsson L, Guala D, Granberg M et al. Canonical Insertion-Deletion Markers for Rapid <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips320'>DNA<\/span> Typing of Francisella tularensis. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007; 13 (11): 1725 &#8211; 1732.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0 <br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips129','Kontaminovan\u00fd = zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd mikroorganismy.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips143','Lymfatick\u00e9 (m\u00edzn\u00ed) uzliny jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lymfatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je tvo\u0159en z lymfatick\u00fdch c\u00e9v, lymfatick\u00fdch uzlin a org\u00e1n\u016f (brzl\u00edk). Na\u0161e t\u011blo je cel\u00e9 doslova protk\u00e1no lymfatick\u00fdmi c\u00e9vami, kter\u00fdmi proud\u00ed m\u00edza (lymfa). M\u00edza vznik\u00e1 odlou\u010den\u00edm krevn\u00ed plasmy skrze krevn\u00ed kapil\u00e1ry do lymfatick\u00fdch c\u00e9v. V syst\u00e9mu lymfatick\u00fdch c\u00e9v jsou na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech uzliny, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edl\u00ed na imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips210','Antibiotika jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch infekc\u00edch. P\u0159i jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k usmrcen\u00ed patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, ale i k redukci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry, kter\u00e1 ve st\u0159ev\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak st\u0159evo p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mikroorganizm\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips210','Antibiotika jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch infekc\u00edch. P\u0159i jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k usmrcen\u00ed patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, ale i k redukci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry, kter\u00e1 ve st\u0159ev\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak st\u0159evo p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mikroorganizm\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O tular\u00e9mii, zaje\u010d\u00ed nemoci, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 zaj\u00edci a jin\u00fdmi voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a tak\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pn-bakterialni"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":895,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/692\/revisions\/895"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}