{"id":694,"date":"2009-10-25T15:41:12","date_gmt":"2009-10-25T14:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2009\/10\/25\/95\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:13","slug":"95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/95\/","title":{"rendered":"Infekce zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 E. coli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch obyvatel\u00edch tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/e._coli.jpg\" alt=\"e._coli\" width=\"168\" height=\"226\" \/>Escherichia coli<\/em> (zkr\u00e1cen\u011b <em>E. coli<\/em>) je bakterie \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b teplokrevn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuje i v na\u0161em za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edm traktu a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost je nezbytn\u00e1 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh tr\u00e1vic\u00edch proces\u016f. Av\u0161ak n\u011bkter\u00e9 kmeny t\u00e9to bakterie jsou, nebo za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips216'>patogenn\u00ed<\/span> a vyvolat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm fek\u00e1ln\u011b or\u00e1ln\u00ed cestou (nap\u0159. neumyt\u00e9 ruce po pou\u017eit\u00ed WC) nebo kontaminovan\u00fdmi potravinami \u010di vodou (p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00a0 <em>E. coli <\/em>ve vod\u011b prokazuje \u010derstv\u00e9 fek\u00e1ln\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a vede k vylou\u010den\u00ed vody pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako pitn\u00e9). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Potraviny mohou b\u00fdt naka\u017eeny lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed vylu\u010duj\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips216'>patogenn\u00ed<\/span> kmeny <em>E. coli<\/em> a pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na v\u00fdrob\u011b nebo distribuci potravin \u010di pokrm\u016f. K onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm po konzumaci infikovan\u00fdch hotov\u00fdch j\u00eddel, kter\u00e1 byla ponech\u00e1na del\u0161\u00ed dobu p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Zdrojem n\u00e1kazy mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 nemocn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 suroviny z nich poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ochrana spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch pravidel a v uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravin p\u0159i teplot\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 \u00b0C. Je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00ed hygieny p\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoli styku s potravinami (manipulace, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 \u00faprava apod.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Jak se nemoc projevuje? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, kter\u00fd <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips216'>patogenn\u00ed<\/span> kmen onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vyvol\u00e1. Zn\u00e1me 5 hlavn\u00edch skupin patogenn\u00edch <em>E. coli<\/em>, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fznou schopnost vyvolat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, odli\u0161n\u00e9 mechanismy \u00fa\u010dinku atd. Ozna\u010dujeme je jako:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Enteroagregativn\u00ed <em>E. coli<\/em><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e9 pr\u016fjmy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u d\u011bt\u00ed, ty mohou trvat a\u017e 2 t\u00fddny.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Enteropatogenn\u00ed <em>E. coli<\/em><\/strong>, je\u017e p\u0159edstavuje velk\u00e9 riziko p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro novorozence a d\u011bti do 2 let. Zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed u nich vodnat\u00e9 pr\u016fjmy, zvracen\u00ed a hore\u010dky, kter\u00e9 mohou kon\u010dit i smrt\u00ed. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b jsou probl\u00e9mem hlavn\u011b v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Enterotoxigenn\u00ed <em>E. coli<\/em><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fjmy jak u d\u011bt\u00ed, tak u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v tepl\u00fdch oblastech s n\u00edzkou \u00farovn\u00ed hygieny, jako jsou Mexiko, Egypt apod. K n\u00e1m do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edky turismu, proto nemoc n\u011bkdy ozna\u010dujeme jako \u201epr\u016fjem cestovatel\u016f\u201c. Pr\u016fb\u011bh onemocn\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 choleru (hore\u010dka, zvracen\u00ed, vodnat\u00e9 pr\u016fjmy).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Enteroinvasivn\u00ed <em>E. coli<\/em><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s podobn\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem jako bacil\u00e1rn\u00ed dyzent\u00e9rie (pr\u016fjmy s p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed krve a hlenu, hore\u010dky).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Enterohemoragick\u00e1 <em>E. coli<\/em><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 produkuje toxin (jed) ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako verotoxin. Zp\u016fsobuje krvav\u00e9 pr\u016fjmy a\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed ledvin a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto smrteln\u00e9. Zdrojem infekce je nej\u010dast\u011bji infikovan\u00e9 hov\u011bz\u00ed maso. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed kmeny <em>E. coli<\/em>, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd verotoxin, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 pr\u016fjmov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Probl\u00e9my zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b v severn\u00ed Americe, Japonsku, ji\u017en\u00ed Africe, Austr\u00e1lii a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech Evropy. K rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips264'>epidemii<\/span> do\u0161lo v roce l996, kdy bylo v Japonsku posti\u017eeno na 10 000 osob. V tom sam\u00e9m roce onemocn\u011blo ve Skotsku cca 400 osob. Ob\u011b <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips264'>epidemie<\/span> byly zp\u016fsobeny <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips215'>s\u00e9rovarem<\/span> O157:H7. U n\u00e1s v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v\u00fdskyt tohoto s\u00e9rovaru zat\u00edm velmi n\u00edzk\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vznik\u00e1 nejrychleji u enteropatogenn\u00edho typu, a to asi 9 hodin po tom, co dojde k n\u00e1kaze. U enteroinvazivn\u00edho a enterotoxick\u00e9ho typu za 10\u201318 hod a u enterohemoragick\u00e9ho typu za 3\u20138 dn\u00ed. Nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee rozn\u00e1\u0161et n\u00e1kazu ji\u017e od prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f a\u017e do jejich vymizen\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Jak se nemoc l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u00e9\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pod\u00e1n\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips210'>antibiotik<\/span>, nav\u00edc je \u010dasto nutno db\u00e1t na dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvod tekutin, aby nedo\u0161lo k nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu odvodn\u011bn\u00ed organizmu (dehydrataci).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><em>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em><span>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro potraviny: Aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (infekce a otravy z potravin) SZU <br \/>Brno 2005.<br \/>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, 3. LF a SZU, souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2004. <\/span><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><br \/><span><em>Lhotov\u00e1 H. Problematika verotoxigenn\u00edch kmen\u016f Escherichia coli. Zpr\u00e1vy CEM (SZ\u00da, Praha) 1999; 8(12): 468-469.<br \/>Komprda T. Hygiena potravin. Mendlova zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 a lesnick\u00e1 universita 1997, s. 72-73.<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span> <br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips210','Antibiotika jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch infekc\u00edch. P\u0159i jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k usmrcen\u00ed patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, ale i k redukci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry, kter\u00e1 ve st\u0159ev\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak st\u0159evo p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mikroorganizm\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips215','S\u00e9rovar je skupina organism\u016f, zejm. bakteri\u00ed, odli\u0161iteln\u00e1 od jin\u00fdch skupin t\u00e9ho\u017e druhu na z\u00e1klad\u011b s\u00e9rologick\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Znalost s\u00e9rovaru m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam v epidemiologii infek\u010dn\u00edch chorob. \u010casto se ur\u010duje nap\u0159. u bakteri\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u016fjmov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips216','patogenn\u00ed = vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips264','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips264','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch obyvatel\u00edch tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pn-bakterialni"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=694"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":893,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions\/893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}