{"id":696,"date":"2009-10-21T11:18:05","date_gmt":"2009-10-21T09:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2009\/10\/21\/120\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:13","slug":"120","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/120\/","title":{"rendered":"Listeri\u00f3za"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"color: #003399\"><span style=\"color: #003399\">O listeri\u00f3ze a jej\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 listeri\u00f3za je zp\u016fsobeno bakteri\u00ed <em>Listeria monocytogenes<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuje v na\u0161em \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Listeri\u00f3zy pat\u0159\u00ed stejn\u011b jako salmonel\u00f3zy mezi <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips1'>onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e1 ze zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u010dlov\u011bka<\/span>. Na rozd\u00edl od salmonel\u00f3z v\u0161ak listerie pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed chladu, mno\u017e\u00ed se v rozmez\u00ed 0\u201344 \u00b0C. P\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch nad 75 \u00b0C se bakterie ni\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit?<\/strong><span style=\"color: #003399\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/listerioza.jpg\" width=\"159\" height=\"201\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Nakazit se m\u016f\u017eeme kontaminovan\u00fdmi potravinami (viz n\u00ed\u017ee), dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fd je tak\u00e9 p\u0159enos z nemocn\u00e9 t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny na plod. Mezi nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupiny obyvatel pat\u0159\u00ed novorozenci, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, osoby vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku a osoby s oslabenou imunitou (nap\u0159\u00edklad lid\u00e9 s onemocn\u011bn\u00edm jater, ledvin, s n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips248'>diabetici<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kter\u00e9 potraviny mohou b\u00fdt zdrojem rizika? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i nevhodn\u00e9m zach\u00e1zen\u00ed to mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tyto potraviny:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>syrov\u00e9, tepeln\u011b neo\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko<\/li>\n<li>ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0nepasterovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka a zraj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00fdry<\/li>\n<li>nedostate\u010dn\u011b tepeln\u011b opracovan\u00e9 masn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky ur\u010den\u00e9 k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b (pa\u0161tiky, masov\u00e9 pomaz\u00e1nky, prejty, v\u00fdrobky v\u00a0aspiku)<\/li>\n<li>syrov\u00e9 maso a tepeln\u011b neopracovan\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky z n\u011bj<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdrobky studen\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b, lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky (nap\u0159. sal\u00e1ty)<\/li>\n<li>neomyt\u00e1 nebo \u0161patn\u011b omyt\u00e1 zelenina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 2006 byl u n\u00e1s v\u00fdskyt listeri\u00f3zy velmi vysok\u00fd a pokra\u010doval i v roce 2007. Zp\u016fsobila to jednak <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips264'>epidemie<\/span> po konzumaci kontaminovan\u00e9ho zraj\u00edc\u00edho s\u00fdru a sal\u00e1tov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f z n\u011bj, kter\u00fd byl b\u011b\u017en\u011b k dost\u00e1n\u00ed v obchodech, jednak nahromad\u011bn\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f listeri\u00f3zy u pacient\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017eenou imunitou, spojenou s chemoterapi\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se nakaz\u00edme, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na na\u0161em zdravotn\u00edm stavu, mno\u017estv\u00ed a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips247'>virulenci<\/span> listeri\u00ed, za jak dlouho se nemoc projev\u00ed. Obdob\u00ed mezi vstupem listeri\u00ed do na\u0161eho organizmu a vypuknut\u00edm nemoci je dlouh\u00e9, od 3 do 70 dn\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Listerie jsou sice odoln\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, teplo jim ale ned\u011bl\u00e1 dob\u0159e. Nep\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pastera\u010dn\u00ed a sterila\u010dn\u00ed teploty. Bezpe\u010dn\u011b je zlikviduje teplota 72 \u00b0C po dobu 10 minut uvnit\u0159 potraviny. Jsou tak\u00e9 dost citliv\u00e9 k b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm dezinfek\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti listeri\u00f3z\u00e1m neexistuj\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je nutno db\u00e1t na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch pravidel, na bezpe\u010dnou manipulaci s potravinami a na jejich v\u00fdb\u011br. V praxi se nejl\u00e9pe osv\u011bd\u010dila preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v boji proti salmonel\u00f3z\u00e1m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>udr\u017eujte maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010distotu<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>zabra\u0148te k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 kontaminaci<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>potraviny v\u017edy d\u016fkladn\u011b tepeln\u011b zpracujte<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>nenech\u00e1vejte j\u00eddlo dlouho st\u00e1t p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 potraviny co nejd\u0159\u00edve zchla\u010fte nebo zmrazte<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>pou\u017e\u00edvejte pitnou vodu z bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f,<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se nemoc projevuje? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>U jinak zdrav\u00fdch osob m\u00e1 nemoc zpravidla jen m\u00edrn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 projevy nemoci pat\u0159\u00ed hore\u010dka, bolesti sval\u016f a gastrointerstin\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky (pr\u016fjmy, nechutenstv\u00ed). T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh b\u00fdv\u00e1 u star\u00fdch lid\u00ed a nemocn\u00fdch s\u00a0oslabenou imunitou. Infekce pak napad\u00e1 nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, dojde k\u00a0z\u00e1n\u011btu mozkov\u00fdch blan a mozku, celkov\u00e9 otrav\u011b organismu, selh\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bhu a nez\u0159\u00eddka kon\u010d\u00ed \u00famrt\u00edm..<\/p>\n<p>Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 je toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0potratu nebo infekci plodu, u narozen\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte se projev\u00ed otrava krve nebo z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan a m\u016f\u017ee kon\u010dit \u00famrt\u00edm b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f po porodu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se nemoc l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edve je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed potvrdit, zda se jedn\u00e1 o <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips196'>listeri\u00f3zu<\/span>. Diagn\u00f3za se stanovuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na z\u00e1klad\u011b laboratorn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed krve a mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edho moku. Potom je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u010dasn\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips210'>antibiotik<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slovo na z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Listeri\u00f3za je pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, je j\u00ed v\u0161ak t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pat\u0159i\u010dnou pozornost, nebo\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh a naka\u017een\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, hlavn\u011b z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch skupin populace, m\u016f\u017ee ohro\u017eovat na \u017eivot\u011b.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro potraviny: Aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (infekce a otravy z potravin) SZU Brno 2005.<br \/>Listeri\u00f3za. Ministerstvo Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, Informa\u010dn\u00ed centrum bezpe\u010dnosti potravin.<br \/>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi. 3. LF a SZU, souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2004. <br \/>Beranov\u00e1 E. Listeri\u00f3za \u2013 Co v\u0161echno bychom o n\u00ed m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt (KHS v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9).<br \/>Listeri\u00f3za. Jilich D, Machala L. Med. Pro Praxi 2008; 5(9): 2.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 <br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips1','Nemoci p\u0159enosn\u00e9 ze zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u010dlov\u011bka naz\u00fdv\u00e1me zoon\u00f3zy. Ty lze d\u011blit na men\u0161\u00ed podskupiny, nap\u0159\u00edklad listeri\u00f3zu \u0159ad\u00edme do skupiny saprozoon\u00f3z, u kter\u00fdch je zdrojem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bu\u010f ne\u017eiv\u00fd organick\u00fd substr\u00e1t, nebo zv\u00ed\u0159e.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips196','Listeri\u00f3za je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se projevuje p\u0159\u00edznaky podobn\u00fdmi ch\u0159ipce \u2013 hore\u010dka, bolest sval\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee postihnout nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Velk\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed znamen\u00e1 pro t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, mal\u00e9 d\u011bti a star\u00e9 lidi, u kter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i k \u00famrt\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips210','Antibiotika jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch infekc\u00edch. P\u0159i jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k usmrcen\u00ed patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, ale i k redukci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry, kter\u00e1 ve st\u0159ev\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak st\u0159evo p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mikroorganizm\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips247','Virulence = schopnost mikroorganism\u016f vyvolat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips248','Diabetik = osoba nemocn\u00e1 cukrovkou (diabetem).'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips264','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O listeri\u00f3ze a jej\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<br \/>\nOnemocn\u011bn\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 listeri\u00f3za je zp\u016fsobeno bakteri\u00ed Listeria monocytogenes, kter\u00e1 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuje v na\u0161em \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Listeri\u00f3zy pat\u0159\u00ed stejn\u011b jako salmonel\u00f3zy mezi onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e1 ze zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u010dlov\u011bka. Na rozd\u00edl od salmonel\u00f3z v\u0161ak listerie pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed chladu, mno\u017e\u00ed se v rozmez\u00ed 0\u201344 \u00b0C. P\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch nad 75 \u00b0C se bakterie ni\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pn-bakterialni"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=696"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":891,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/696\/revisions\/891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}