{"id":703,"date":"2009-07-23T16:59:16","date_gmt":"2009-07-23T14:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2009\/07\/23\/94\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:35","slug":"94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/94\/","title":{"rendered":"Po stop\u00e1ch stopov\u00fdch prvk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><span style=\"color: #003399\">O stopov\u00fdch prvc\u00edch ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b a jejich funkci v t\u011ble.&nbsp;<\/span> <br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/pohyb\/stopove_prvky.jpg\" alt=\"stopove_prvky\" width=\"70\" height=\"48\" style=\"float: left\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Stopov\u00e9 prvky jsou stejn\u011b jako <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/89\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky<\/a> anorganick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 v t\u011ble hraj\u00ed velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu. Zejm\u00e9na se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st mnoha <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips265'>hormon\u016f<\/span> a <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span>. T\u011blo si nedok\u00e1\u017ee stopov\u00e9 prvky vytvo\u0159it samo, proto mus\u00ed v\u0161echny p\u0159ij\u00edmat v potrav\u011b.<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><strong>Mezi stopov\u00e9 prvky \u0159ad\u00edme:<\/strong> \u017eelezo, zinek, jod, selen, fluor, m\u011b\u010f, chrom, mangan, molybden, kobalt. N\u011bkdy se do t\u00e9to skupiny po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed prvky jako jsou nikl, c\u00edn a jin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u011ble jsou stopov\u00e9 prvky obsa\u017eeny v podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch ne\u017e miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky &#8211; asi od desetin miligram\u016f po gramy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017delezo (Fe)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> V t\u011ble dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho jsou asi 4 g \u017eeleza, \u017eelezo dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edmat a odevzd\u00e1vat kysl\u00edk v t\u011ble, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed krevn\u00edho barviva hemoglobinu v \u010derven\u00fdch krvink\u00e1ch, ale i spousty r\u016fzn\u00fdch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span>. \u017deny v reproduk\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bku maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebu ne\u017e mu\u017ei, proto\u017ee u nich doch\u00e1z\u00ed k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m, zejm\u00e9na vlivem menstrua\u010dn\u00edho krv\u00e1cen\u00ed. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebu maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 t\u011bhotn\u00e9 a koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny. Vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza z potravy podporuje vitamin C, dob\u0159e se \u017eelezo vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 z masa. Vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je naopak tlumeno slou\u010deninami obsa\u017een\u00fdmi v n\u011bkter\u00fdch druz\u00edch rostlinn\u00fdch potravin a n\u00e1poj\u016f, jako jsou obiloviny, siln\u00fd \u010daj a k\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u016fsledkem nedostatku<\/strong> \u017eeleza je <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips156'>chudokrevnost<\/span>, kter\u00e1 se projevuje bledost\u00ed, \u00fanavnost\u00ed, bu\u0161en\u00edm srdce, d\u00e1le se p\u0159i nedostatku objevuj\u00ed popraskan\u00e9 koutky \u00fast, nechutenstv\u00ed, bolesti hlavy a celkov\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obranyschopnosti organizmu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> J\u00e1tra, ledviny, maso, ryby, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, brambory a n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy zeleniny, nap\u0159\u00edklad listov\u00e1 zelenina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zinek (Zn)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> V t\u011ble dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho jsou asi 2-3 g zinku, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nebo alespo\u0148 ovliv\u0148uje asi 200 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span> v t\u011ble, vyskytuje se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b tk\u00e1n\u00ed, vysok\u00fd obsah je nap\u0159\u00edklad v mu\u017esk\u00e9m spermatu, je nezbytn\u00fd pro hojen\u00ed ran. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/115\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">antioxidantem<\/a>, \u010dili dok\u00e1\u017ee zne\u0161kod\u0148ovat \u0161kodliv\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips27'>voln\u00e9 kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly<\/span> a omezovat jejich vznik.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159i nedostatku<\/strong> doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m, k po\u0161kozen\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, neht\u016f, pad\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f, \u0161patn\u011b se hoj\u00ed r\u00e1ny, u mu\u017e\u016f se sni\u017euje plodnost.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> Maso, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny, mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, ml\u00e9ko a vejce.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jod (I)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips265'>hormon\u016f<\/span> \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159i nedostatku<\/strong> se vyv\u00edj\u00ed tzv. struma (lidov\u011b se j\u00ed podle vzhledu krku p\u0159i zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201evole\u201c), jako n\u00e1sledek nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 funkce \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy se objevuje tloustnut\u00ed, \u00fanavnost, poruchy menstrua\u010dn\u00edho cyklu, neplodnost a dal\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i velk\u00e9m nedostatku jodu b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed se i u n\u00e1s d\u0159\u00edve rodily d\u011bti v\u00e1\u017en\u011b du\u0161evn\u011b i t\u011blesn\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9. Nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem jodu byl u n\u00e1s&nbsp;vy\u0159e\u0161en zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 soli obohacen\u00e9 jodem a \u0159adou dal\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed jodu z potravy mohou sni\u017eovat l\u00e1tky zvan\u00e9 strumigeny obsa\u017een\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad v zel\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> Bohat\u00fdm zdrojem jsou mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ryby a dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody, n\u011bkter\u00e9 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vody (Vincentka), jod je obsa\u017een tak\u00e9 v ml\u00e9ce a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch a v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch jodem obohacenou s\u016fl.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selen (Se)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Selen je v potravin\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edtomen ve skute\u010dn\u011b mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, p\u0159esto je pro lidsk\u00fd organiszus velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd jako siln\u00fd <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips175'>antioxidant<\/span>. Nadm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvod selenu je ov\u0161em pro zdrav\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt a\u017e k po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater a srdce.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159i nedostatku<\/strong> je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f n\u00e1dor\u016f, p\u0159i velk\u00e9m nedostatku se objevuje onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a kloub\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: <\/strong>Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, maso, vnit\u0159nosti, vejce, ch\u0159est.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fluorid (F)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kost\u00ed a zubn\u00ed skloviny, zvy\u0161uje odolnost zub\u016f proti kazivosti. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech byla fluoridem plo\u0161n\u011b obohacov\u00e1na pitn\u00e1 voda ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovodech, to u\u017e ale dnes neplat\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159i nedostatku<\/strong> se objevuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kazivost chrupu. Naopak i nadm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem fluoru po\u0161kozuje zuby i kosti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u010caj, pitn\u00e1 voda (velmi v\u0161ak z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblasti), zubn\u00ed pasty.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u011b\u010f (Cu)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> M\u011b\u010f je nezbytn\u00e1 pro tvorbu \u010derven\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho barviva v \u010derven\u00fdch krvink\u00e1ch, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span>, m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam pro tvorbu vlas\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159i nedostatku<\/strong> je poru\u0161en r\u016fst vlas\u016f a neht\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> Ryby, j\u00e1tra, maso, vejce.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chrom (Cr)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro metabolismus <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips235'>sacharid\u016f<\/span> a tuk\u016f, sni\u017euje chu\u0165 na sladk\u00e9, m\u00e1 vliv na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny krevn\u00edch cukr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> Maso, s\u00fdry, o\u0159echy, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny, kvasnice, pivo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mangan (Mn)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nedostatek<\/strong> se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nevyskytuje, mangan je obsa\u017een ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b potravin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> Celozrnn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, lu\u0161t\u011bniny, o\u0159echy, kakao, listov\u00e1 zelenina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Molybden (Mo)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed fluoru v zubech a pro mu\u017eskou potenci.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nedostatek<\/strong> se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nevyskytuje, t\u011blo jej pot\u0159ebuje opravdu jen nepatrn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1 z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 stravy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kobalt (Co)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Charakteristika a funkce:<\/strong> Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vitaminu B12, je nezbytn\u00fd pro krvetvorbu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nedostatek<\/strong> se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nevyskytuje, resp. jde o projevy nedostatku <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/87\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vitaminu B12. <\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong> Zelenina, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny, vnit\u0159nosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span><em><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi. 3.LF a SZ\u00da, souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2004.<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Br\u00e1zdov\u00e1, Z.: V\u00fd\u017eiva \u010dlov\u011bka. Vy\u0161kov, 2005, s.98-124<\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b. F\u00f3rum zdrav\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy, lexikon zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. <\/em><\/span><br \/><span><em>Skala, E.: V\u00fd\u017eiva ve zdrav\u00ed a nemoci. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 listy, 2003\/2, 8.s.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span><\/span><\/em><span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/strong><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','Voln\u00e9 kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly se v t\u011ble pod\u00edlej\u00ed na vzniku mnoha onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jako jsou n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di nemoci srdce a c\u00e9v.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips156','Chudokrevnost neboli an\u00e9mie je zp\u016fsobena nedostatkem krevn\u00edho barviva hemoglobinu. U celiakie je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou an\u00e9mie nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza kv\u016fli poru\u0161en\u00e9 funkci st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznice. Chudokrevnost se projevuje bledost\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a sliznic, \u00fanavou, du\u0161nost\u00ed, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1chylnost\u00ed k infekc\u00edm, zm\u011bnami na k\u016f\u017ei a nehtech. \u010cerven\u00e9 krvinky jsou p\u0159i tomto typu chudokrevnosti men\u0161\u00ed a maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah hemoglobinu.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips235','Sacharidy\u00a0 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie pro na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed i fyzick\u00e9 aktivity. Jsou obsa\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad v brambor\u00e1ch, r\u00fd\u017ei, t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch, pe\u010divu, ale tak\u00e9 ve sladk\u00fdch pokrmech, n\u00e1poj\u00edch apod.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips265','Hormony jsou l\u00e1tky nepostradateln\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci na\u0161ich org\u00e1n\u016f i cel\u00e9ho organismu. Jsou produkov\u00e1ny \u017el\u00e1zami s\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00ed sekrec\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad slinivkou b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a \u0161t\u00edtnou \u017el\u00e1zou.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips280','Enzymy jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed a urychluj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O stopov\u00fdch prvc\u00edch ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b a jejich funkci v t\u011ble.&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Stopov\u00e9 prvky jsou stejn\u011b jako miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky anorganick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 v t\u011ble hraj\u00ed velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu. Zejm\u00e9na se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st mnoha hormon\u016f a enzym\u016f. T\u011blo si nedok\u00e1\u017ee stopov\u00e9 prvky vytvo\u0159it samo, proto mus\u00ed v\u0161echny p\u0159ij\u00edmat v potrav\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mineralni-latky-a-stopove-prvky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=703"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1608,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703\/revisions\/1608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}