{"id":714,"date":"2008-10-23T17:28:49","date_gmt":"2008-10-23T15:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2008\/10\/23\/82\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:35","slug":"82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/82\/","title":{"rendered":"Co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod zkratkou GMO?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #3366cc\"><span style=\"color: #003399\">O produktech a potravin\u00e1ch vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch s pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"> <br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se na obalech potravin st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s pojmy: \u201eGeneticky modifikov\u00e1no\u201c nebo \u201eObsahuje geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organizmy\u201c. T\u011bmito n\u00e1pisy jsou povinn\u011b ozna\u010deny potraviny, jejich\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou tzv. geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organizmy. O t\u00e9to skupin\u011b potravin vedou v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00e9 a obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 diskuze odborn\u00edci i laici. Jedna strana je h\u00e1j\u00ed, druh\u00e1 zavrhuje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geny, genov\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a vznik geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizm\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace v\u0161ech \u017eiv\u00fdch organizm\u016f \u2013 rostlin i \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1s, lid\u00ed &#8211;&nbsp; jsou ulo\u017eeny v genech. Geny zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 po rodi\u010d\u00edch p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jedince. Samovoln\u011b v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, a tak\u00e9 v klasick\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, se mohou k\u0159\u00ed\u017eit pouze geny jedinc\u016f stejn\u00e9ho nebo bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho druhu. Pes se nem\u016f\u017ee zk\u0159\u00ed\u017eit s papou\u0161kem nebo se slim\u00e1kem, \u010di dokonce s paprikou, ale pouze s fenou nebo p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s vl\u010dic\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 se ov\u0161em pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed nau\u010dili vyjmout gen z jednoho druhu, nap\u0159\u00edklad z bakterie, a vn\u00e9st ho do druhu vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho, kup\u0159\u00edkladu do kuku\u0159ice. Nov\u011b vznikl\u00e1 kuku\u0159ice a jej\u00ed potomstvo t\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1 novou, n\u011b\u010d\u00edm v\u00fdhodnou vlastnost. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u0159eba schopnost kuku\u0159ice tvo\u0159it jed proti hmyzu, kter\u00fd by jinak zni\u010dil zrno.<\/p>\n<p>Jako <strong>geneticky modifikovan\u00fd organizmus<\/strong>, b\u011b\u017en\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zkratka <strong>GMO<\/strong>, se ozna\u010duje ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd organizmus \u2013 rostlina \u010di \u017eivo\u010dich vyjma \u010dlov\u011bka &#8211; u n\u011bho\u017e byla zm\u011bn\u011bna d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 informace vnesen\u00edm cizorod\u00e9ho genu z jin\u00e9ho organizmu.<strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: right;width: 148px;float: right;height: 246px\" title=\"gmo_-_kukurice\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/nakupovani\/gmo_-_kukurice.jpg\" alt=\"gmo_-_kukurice\" width=\"118\" height=\"196\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed procento geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch produkt\u016f je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no jako krmivo pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Pouze mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st produkce je v sou\u010dasnosti ur\u010dena pro v\u00fdrobu potravin. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bchto potravin se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 na trhu v USA.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch GMO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prozat\u00edm se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed hlavn\u011b rostliny s v\u00fdhodn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi pro p\u011bstitele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>s\u00f3ja, kuku\u0159ice a \u0159epka olejka &#8211; odoln\u00e9 proti p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016fm hub\u00edc\u00edm plevely<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>kuku\u0159ice odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di hmyzu<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u0159epka olejka odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di napaden\u00ed houbami<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>raj\u010de maj\u00edc\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed trvanlivost<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>brambora odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di mandelince bramborov\u00e9<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je ve spojitosti s GMO d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Obavy se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b dvou oblast\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho <strong>rizika pro zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed a zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/strong> vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z konzumace potravin a krmiv obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch GMO,<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>rizika pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed jako celku<\/strong>. \u010c\u00e1st ve\u0159ejnosti, a zejm\u00e9na ekologi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201egenetick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed um\u011ble vnesen\u00fdmi geny. V\u00fdvoj GMO prob\u00edh\u00e1 velkou rychlost\u00ed a z hlediska dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje nelze odhadnout v\u0161echny nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 dopady. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak nelze zaru\u010dit, \u017ee nedojde k zavle\u010den\u00ed geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch rostlin na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, nebo\u0165 pyl se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed zcela nekontrolovan\u011b vzduchem, a tak\u00e9 d\u00edky hmyzu \u010di drobn\u00e9mu ptactvu. Pak by mohlo doj\u00edt k jejich zanesen\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad do oblast\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e jednou ze z\u00e1sad je nulov\u00fd obsah GMO.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Proto je ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd geneticky modifikovan\u00fd organizmus pe\u010dliv\u011b testov\u00e1n. Do ob\u011bhu se pak dostanou jen schv\u00e1len\u00e9 GMO, u nich\u017e nebylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no \u0161kodliv\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed na \u017e\u00e1dnou z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. V\u0161echny schv\u00e1len\u00e9 GMO jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b uvedeny na speci\u00e1ln\u00edm seznamu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>GMO a legislativa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch GMO do ob\u011bhu podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm na \u00farovni st\u00e1tn\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s GMO upraveno zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u00e1konem. Vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s GMO je v rukou ministerstva pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s dal\u0161\u00edmi ministerstvy. Vzhledem k \u0161\u00ed\u0159i problematiky byla ustanovena \u010cesk\u00e1 komise pro nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s geneticky modifikovan\u00fdmi organizmy a produkty, na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni funguj\u00ed Evropsk\u00e1 komise o bezpe\u010dnosti potravin obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch GMO a dal\u0161\u00ed organizace.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>V \u010dem vid\u00ed zast\u00e1nci GMO jejich v\u00fdznam v budoucnosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee by p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed GMO mohlo znamenat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hladomor\u016f v rozvojov\u00fdch&nbsp; zem\u00edch, kde by d\u00edky t\u011bmto nov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m nap\u0159\u00edklad mohly b\u00fdt p\u011bstov\u00e1ny rostliny odoln\u00e9 proti nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu suchu. V GMO vid\u00ed jejich zast\u00e1nci ur\u010ditou nad\u011bj\u00ed pro neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed sv\u011btovou populaci.<\/p>\n<p>Lze tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed GMO povede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nutnosti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chemick\u00fdch post\u0159ik\u016f, nap\u0159. proti pl\u00edsn\u00edm a \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, co\u017e by bylo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 potraviny \u2013 ano, \u010di ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V USA, kde jsou tyto potraviny konzumov\u00e1ny ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 let, zat\u00edm nebylo v souvislosti s touto skute\u010dnost\u00ed prok\u00e1z\u00e1no \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed.&nbsp; \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru potravin mo\u017enost volby, proto\u017ee jsou o obsahu geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 slo\u017eky v potravin\u011b informov\u00e1ni povinn\u00fdmi \u00fadaji na obalu v\u00fdrobku. Je tedy na ka\u017ed\u00e9m z n\u00e1s, zda d\u00e1me po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech pro a proti&nbsp; geneticky modifikovan\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m v na\u0161em j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku zelenou, nebo se jim budeme vyh\u00fdbat a d\u00e1me p\u0159ednost GMO free nebo potravin\u00e1m poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z ekologick\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, tzv.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">biopotraviny<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/tiskovka.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/tiskovka.htm<\/span><\/em><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/gmo\/gmopotraviny.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/gmo\/gmopotraviny.htm<\/span><\/em><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/gmo\/gmo1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/gmo\/gmo1.html<\/span><\/em><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/gmo\/gmo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>http:\/\/www.chpr.szu.cz\/novepotr\/gmo\/gmo.html<\/span><\/em><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/food\/biotechnology\/gmfood\/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/food\/biotechnology\/gmfood\/index_en.htm<\/span><\/em><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/kampane2\/geneticke-modifikace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/kampane2\/geneticke-modifikace<\/span><\/em><\/a><br \/><em><span>Z\u00e1kon&nbsp; \u010d.78\/2004 Sb., o nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s geneticky modifikovan\u00fdmi organismy a genetick\u00fdmi produkty, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips326','DHA = dokosahexaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O produktech a potravin\u00e1ch vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch s pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jak-nakupovat-potraviny"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=714"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1615,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions\/1615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}