{"id":717,"date":"2008-10-07T22:23:06","date_gmt":"2008-10-07T20:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2008\/10\/07\/80\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:13","slug":"80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/80\/","title":{"rendered":"Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka aneb ku\u0159ec\u00ed mor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipce, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e9m z pt\u00e1k\u016f na lidi, o tom jak se projevuje, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a jak je mo\u017en\u00e9 se proti n\u00ed chr\u00e1nit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 95px;height: 109px;float: left\" title=\"kacena\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/kacena.jpg\" alt=\"kacena\" width=\"180\" height=\"207\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka je naka\u017eliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje jak voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed pt\u00e1ky, tak pt\u00e1ky chovan\u00e9 v zajet\u00ed. Jde o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 virem, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje ve v\u00edce form\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159enos viru pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky na \u010dlov\u011bka zp\u016fsobil podtyp H5N1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historie pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Poprv\u00e9 bylo toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1no v It\u00e1lii v roce 1961. V osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed propukla v USA prvn\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips264'>epidemie<\/span> a bylo zlikvidov\u00e1no p\u0159es 17 milion\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f. K p\u0159enosu viru z pt\u00e1ka na \u010dlov\u011bka do\u0161lo poprv\u00e9 v roce 1997 v Hong-Kongu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kdy n\u00e1kaza postihla 18 osob, z nich\u017e jich 6 zem\u0159elo. V \u0159\u00edjnu 2005 byl virus pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky poprv\u00e9 potvrzen v Rumunsku, Turecku a v evropsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Ruska. Do dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f se n\u00e1kaza roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila b\u011bhem \u00fanora 2006. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice byl prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad zaznamen\u00e1n 27. b\u0159ezna 2006 u labut\u011b nedaleko Hlubok\u00e9 nad Vltavou.<\/p>\n<p>Seznam v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho ptactva a chovn\u00e9 dr\u016fbe\u017ee si lze proj\u00edt na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch St\u00e1tn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.svscr.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St\u00e1tn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1va (svscr.cz)<\/a>) nebo p\u0159\u00edmo zde: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.svscr.cz\/ptaci-chripka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka v \u010cR; aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace \u2013 St\u00e1tn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1va (svscr.cz)<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka projevuje u pt\u00e1k\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zv\u00ed\u0159ata naka\u017een\u00e1 pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipkou jsou otup\u011bl\u00e1, nete\u010dn\u00e1, maj\u00ed na\u010dep\u00fd\u0159en\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed, sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b vajec. Objevuje se u nich ztr\u00e1ta chuti k j\u00eddlu a d\u00fdchac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Smrt p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed b\u011bhem 1\u20132 dn\u016f. Mezi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi pt\u00e1ky, ke kter\u00fdm pat\u0159\u00ed slepice, kachny, husy apod., se n\u00e1kaza \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed velmi rychle. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to, zda pt\u00e1k uhynul na pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipku, mohou potvrdit pouze laboratorn\u00ed testy.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mohou se pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipkou nakazit tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ano, p\u0159esto je \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1kazy z naka\u017een\u00e9ho ptactva na \u010dlov\u011bka obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u011bmu jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b. Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed mezidruhov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt infikov\u00e1n i \u010dlov\u011bk nebo jin\u00fd savec. Posti\u017een\u00fd mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v \u00fazk\u00e9m kontaktu s napadenou dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed a k n\u00e1kaze m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt pouze b\u011bhem kontaktu s naka\u017een\u00fdmi pt\u00e1ky nebo jejich v\u00fdm\u011b\u0161ky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm trusem.<\/p>\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je pravd\u011bpodobnost n\u00e1kazy velmi mal\u00e1, jde u n\u00e1s sp\u00ed\u0161e o probl\u00e9m veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed. Na riziko t\u00e9to n\u00e1kazy je t\u0159eba myslet hlavn\u011b p\u0159i cest\u00e1ch do zem\u00ed s hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky. P\u0159enos pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka dosud nebyl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n. Riziko pro \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159edstavuje mo\u017en\u00e1 zm\u011bna (mutace) ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9ho viru, kter\u00fd by pak mohl snadn\u011bji nakazit \u010dlov\u011bka a d\u00e1le se \u0161\u00ed\u0159it na dal\u0161\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se n\u00e1kaza projevuje u lid\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edznaky se mohou podobat klasick\u00e9 ch\u0159ipce \u2013 hore\u010dka, ka\u0161el, \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed v krku, bolesti sval\u016f, z\u00e1n\u011bt spojivek, ale virus vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a pr\u016fjmov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky H5N1 je n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a\u017e jeden t\u00fdden. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm vod\u00edtkem pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e je informace pacienta, zda v posledn\u00edch dnech nepob\u00fdval v posti\u017een\u00fdch oblastech a nebyl v kontaktu s dom\u00e1c\u00edmi \u010di divok\u00fdmi pt\u00e1ky \u010di s jejich v\u00fdkaly.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e1 je l\u00e9\u010dba pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips14'>Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace<\/span> vydala doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se profylaxe a terapie pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky. K l\u00e9\u010db\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. antivirotika (\u010cesk\u00e1 republika zajistila v dob\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed antivirov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek Tamiflu),\u00a0 nutn\u00e9 je jejich v\u010dasn\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed do 48 hodin po objeven\u00ed se prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f nemoci a nasazen\u00ed l\u00e9ku v p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips210'>antibiotika<\/span> pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipku nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, mohou ale pomoci p\u0159i druhotn\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed infekci oslaben\u00e9ho organismu. V \u0159ad\u011b zem\u00ed se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj vakc\u00edny pro\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edpad \u0161irok\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci (pandemie).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ed pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipkou chr\u00e1nit?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bychom m\u011bli dodr\u017eovat z\u00e1sady osobn\u00ed hygieny \u2013 myt\u00ed rukou m\u00fddlem (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem a p\u0159i manipulaci s potravinami), dezinfekce rukou po ka\u017ed\u00e9m kontaktu s pt\u00e1ky nebo jejich v\u00fdkaly a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hygienick\u00fdch z\u00e1sad b\u011bhem va\u0159en\u00ed. Vyvarujme se tak\u00e9 zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch kontakt\u016f s podez\u0159el\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty, jejich trusem \u010di pe\u0159\u00edm a se v\u0161emi povrchy zne\u010dist\u011bn\u00fdmi pta\u010d\u00edm trusem.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed maso z hlediska pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky bezpe\u010dn\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chovn\u00e1 dr\u016fbe\u017e je u n\u00e1s pod p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm veterin\u00e1rn\u00edm dozorem a zdravotn\u00ed stav dr\u016fbe\u017ee je pe\u010dliv\u011b kontrolov\u00e1n. Kontrola za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u chovn\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f a kon\u010d\u00ed na pultech prodejen. Kontrolami proch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 dovozy masa a zv\u00ed\u0159at. Nen\u00ed proto d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m, \u017ee by se v na\u0161ich obchodech objevilo maso ze zv\u00ed\u0159at naka\u017een\u00fdch pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipkou.<\/p>\n<p>S ochranou je t\u0159eba pokra\u010dovat i v na\u0161ich kuchyn\u00edch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed masa dodr\u017eujme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hygienick\u00e1 pravidla. Virus je bezpe\u010dn\u011b zni\u010den p\u0159i 70 \u00baC, a to ji\u017e za jednu sekundu, tak\u017ee va\u0159en\u00edm, pe\u010den\u00edm, du\u0161en\u00edm, apod. jej spolehliv\u011b zlikvidujeme. Ujist\u011bte se v\u0161ak, \u017ee pokrm m\u00e1 70 \u00b0C i v j\u00e1d\u0159e, nejen na povrchu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.svscr.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>St\u00e1tn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1va<\/span><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ptaci-chripka.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>www.ptaci-chripka.cz<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips14','Tato organizace zaji\u0161\u0165uje spolupr\u00e1ci mezi n\u00e1rody v oblasti zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a sna\u017e\u00ed se zlep\u0161it kvalitu lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Mezi jej\u00ed snahy pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e1 kampa\u0148 o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed konzumace zeleniny a ovoce.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips210','Antibiotika jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch infekc\u00edch. P\u0159i jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k usmrcen\u00ed patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, ale i k redukci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry, kter\u00e1 ve st\u0159ev\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak st\u0159evo p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mikroorganizm\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips210','Antibiotika jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch infekc\u00edch. P\u0159i jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k usmrcen\u00ed patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, ale i k redukci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry, kter\u00e1 ve st\u0159ev\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak st\u0159evo p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch mikroorganizm\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips264','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipce, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e9m z pt\u00e1k\u016f na lidi, o tom jak se projevuje, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a jak je mo\u017en\u00e9 se proti n\u00ed chr\u00e1nit.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nPta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka je naka\u017eliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje jak voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed pt\u00e1ky, tak pt\u00e1ky chovan\u00e9 v zajet\u00ed. Jde o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 virem, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje ve v\u00edce form\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159enos viru pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky na \u010dlov\u011bka zp\u016fsobil podtyp H5N1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pn-virove"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":869,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/717\/revisions\/869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}