{"id":721,"date":"2008-10-07T15:07:43","date_gmt":"2008-10-07T13:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2008\/10\/07\/76\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:13","slug":"76","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/76\/","title":{"rendered":"Nemoc \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav \u2013 BSE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O tom, jak za\u010dalo \u201ekrav\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed\u201c, jak se projevuje a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, a zda n\u00e1s st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b ohro\u017euje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201e<em>\u017dila byla v dalek\u00e9 Anglii ove\u010dka, kter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bla klusavkou \u2013 scrapi\u00ed, jak na on\u011bch ostrovech \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed. A jeliko\u017e pot\u00e9, co po\u0161la, se v\u0161em z\u017eelelo jej\u00edho uboh\u00e9ho t\u011bla, a aby nep\u0159i\u0161lo nazmar, tak je rozva\u0159ili, \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e je u\u010dmoudili, ani ne p\u0159i sto stupn\u00edch, v kafil\u00e9rii na ka\u0161i. Tu usu\u0161ili a dali se\u017erat kr\u00e1v\u011b. A jeliko\u017e ji takhle p\u0159ikrmovali dlouho, klusavka \u2013 scrapie \u2013 nakonec zmutovala v novou nemoc, nemoc \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav. S jistou nads\u00e1zkou lze takto \u201epoh\u00e1dkov\u011b\u201c popsat vznik bovinn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatie, neboli BSE<\/em>.\u201c<\/p>\n<div><em>(Josef Duben: Jak n\u00e1s stra\u0161ila BSE)<\/em><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ne<em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: right;width: 162px;float: right;height: 224px\" title=\"krava\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/krava.jpg\" alt=\"krava\" width=\"180\" height=\"249\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/em>moc \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod zkratkou BSE (bovinn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatie), je smrteln\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed pomal\u00fd rozklad centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy. Pat\u0159\u00ed do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed skupiny onemocn\u011bn\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch zkratkou <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips321'>TSE<\/span>, kter\u00e1 postihuj\u00ed v\u00edce zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch druh\u016f \u2013 nejen hov\u011bz\u00ed dobytek, ale tak\u00e9 ovce, kozy, dom\u00e1c\u00ed ko\u010dky, jeleny, a bohu\u017eel tak\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bka. U \u010dlov\u011bka se toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <strong>Creutzfeldt-Jakobova nemoc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kdy a kde \u201e\u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed\u201c za\u010dalo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161e za\u010dalo v listopadu 1986, kdy se ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii u hov\u011bz\u00edho dobytka objevilo nov\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. O dva roky pozd\u011bji zde bylo zaznamen\u00e1no p\u0159es dva tis\u00edce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a v roce 1990 se n\u00e1kaza roznesla z britsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f d\u00e1le do Evropy. Po\u010dty nemocn\u00fdch krav vzr\u016fstaly a\u017e do roku 1992, kdy bylo v Brit\u00e1nii zji\u0161t\u011bno 37 280 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se situace za\u010dala lep\u0161it a v roce 2005 klesl po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f na \u010d\u00edslo 225.<\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<p>Na evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu byly nemoc\u00ed posti\u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad Francie, Portugalsko, \u0160pan\u011blsko a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko. Ani \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se n\u00e1kaza nevyhnula a prvn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 \u0161\u00edlen\u00e1 kr\u00e1va byla zaznamen\u00e1na v \u010dervnu roku 2001.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak dlouho trv\u00e1, ne\u017e se u zv\u00ed\u0159at nemoc projev\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nemoc m\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhou inkuba\u010dn\u00ed dobu, u naka\u017een\u00e9ho dobytka trv\u00e1 4\u20135 let, ne\u017e se objev\u00ed prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Po objeven\u00ed se prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed velmi brzy k \u00famrt\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f a\u017e m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak pozn\u00e1me, \u017ee je kr\u00e1va \u201e\u0161\u00edlen\u00e1\u201c?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky nemoc skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed. Kr\u00e1vy maj\u00ed k\u0159e\u010de v kon\u010detin\u00e1ch, pot\u00e1c\u00ed se, motaj\u00ed, jejich celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav je velmi \u0161patn\u00fd, jsou vychrtl\u00e9 a str\u00e1daj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u016fvodce onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 prion?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u016fvodce tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem diskuse a nen\u00ed dosud jasn\u00e9, zda se jedn\u00e1 o priony, \u010di o viry. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u016fkazy sp\u00ed\u0161e pro to, \u017ee jde o priony.<\/p>\n<p>Priony se v\u00fdznamn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od dosud b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch p\u016fvodc\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako jsou bakterie a viry. Sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed z b\u00edlkoviny a neobsahuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips320'>DNA<\/span>. Jsou neoby\u010dejn\u011b stabiln\u00ed, odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed zmrazen\u00ed, vysou\u0161en\u00ed a teplot\u00e1m b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed, dokonce i pasteraci a sterilizaci. Postihuj\u00ed mozek a spin\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edchu zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se BSE p\u0159eneslo ze zv\u00ed\u0159at na lidi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1kaza se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dky z naka\u017een\u00fdch kus\u016f dobytka. Z\u00e1vadn\u00e1 masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dka p\u0159id\u00e1van\u00e1 krav\u00e1m do krmiva zp\u016fsobila n\u00e1kazu u dal\u0161\u00edch kus\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at. N\u00e1kaza se potom mohla p\u0159en\u00e9st na lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed po\u017eili nervovou tk\u00e1\u0148 (moze\u010dek) naka\u017een\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete. P\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se projevuj\u00ed a\u017e za 10 let i pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nemoc \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav u lid\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>U lid\u00ed se BSE naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <strong>nov\u00e1 varianta Creutzfeldt-Jakobovy nemoci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady nemoci se objevily v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech ve velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kde na tuto nemoc zem\u0159elo kolem stovky lid\u00ed. Po podrobn\u00e9m vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se dosp\u011blo k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee tito lid\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u011b v ml\u00e1d\u00ed konzumovali j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 obsahovalo nervovou tk\u00e1\u0148 naka\u017een\u00fdch krav, nebo\u0165 ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii je moze\u010dek tradi\u010dn\u00ed lah\u016fdka \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba neexistuje a vyhl\u00eddky na vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed jsou nulov\u00e9. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se nemoc projevuje depresemi nebo, a to m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips46'>schizofrenn\u00ed psych\u00f3zou<\/span>.\u00a0 Pozd\u011bji se dostavuj\u00ed poruchy rovnov\u00e1hy, probl\u00e9my s ch\u016fz\u00ed a mimovoln\u00e9 pohyby. P\u0159ed smrt\u00ed nemocn\u00fd on\u011bm\u00ed a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se celkov\u011b nepohybliv\u00fdm. Smrt nast\u00e1v\u00e1 po \u00fapln\u00e9m vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed organizmu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hroz\u00ed n\u00e1m st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b riziko?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ji\u017e v roce 1962, tedy d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se objevila hrozba nemoci \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav a jej\u00edho p\u0159enesen\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka, byly v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zavedeny velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kafilern\u00ed suroviny (zbytky z jatek, mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla zv\u00ed\u0159at) na masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dku. V roce 1991 byl v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice vyd\u00e1n z\u00e1kaz p\u0159id\u00e1vat masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dku z p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavc\u016f p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavc\u016fm (skotu, ovc\u00edm a koz\u00e1m) a o rok pozd\u011bji bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pou\u017e\u00edvat ke krmen\u00ed skotu v\u0161echny masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dky. Na jatk\u00e1ch je ve\u0161ker\u00fd skot star\u0161\u00ed 30 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f vy\u0161et\u0159en na BSE (riziko \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed hroz\u00ed star\u0161\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm), a pokud je u n\u011bj BSE zji\u0161t\u011bna, vy\u0161et\u0159uj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 vrstevnice nemocn\u00e9ho kusu a utr\u00e1cej\u00ed se.<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edm se zd\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echna dosud pou\u017eit\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se v boji s BSE osv\u011bd\u010dila, nebo\u0165 od roku 2001, kdy se u n\u00e1s na BSE za\u010dalo vy\u0161et\u0159ovat, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno jen n\u011bco p\u0159es dvacet pozitivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/zoonoses\/diseases\/bse\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span>, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips14'>Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace<\/span>.<br \/>WHO fact sheet on BSE No 113, listopad 2002.<br \/>WHO fact sheet on Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, No 180, listopad 2002.<br \/><\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.svscr.cz\/index.php?art=929\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>Ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice vzhledem k bovinn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatii (BSE)<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span>, 12.2.2008, St\u00e1tn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1va \u010cR.<br \/>Duben J., Jak n\u00e1s stra\u0161ila BSE. 2006, MZe \u010cR, vydalo Informa\u010dn\u00ed centrum bezpe\u010dnosti potravin p\u0159i \u00daZPI.<br \/>BSE v \u010cR, Ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice vzhledem k bovinn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatii (BSE). St\u00e1tn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1va. 2008.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips14','Tato organizace zaji\u0161\u0165uje spolupr\u00e1ci mezi n\u00e1rody v oblasti zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a sna\u017e\u00ed se zlep\u0161it kvalitu lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Mezi jej\u00ed snahy pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e1 kampa\u0148 o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed konzumace zeleniny a ovoce.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips46','Schizofrenn\u00ed psych\u00f3za je psychick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nejprve doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu posti\u017een\u00e9ho\u00a0 - \u00fanava, nev\u00fdkonnost, ztr\u00e1ta z\u00e1jm\u016f, \u00fazkost a smutek. Pozd\u011bji se objevuj\u00ed bludy a halucinace. Typick\u00fdmi bludy jsou bludy pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 schopnosti. Halucinace jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji sluchov\u00e9 (nemocn\u00fd sly\u0161\u00ed \u201e hlasy\u201c). Bludy a halucinace jsou doprov\u00e1zeny neobvykl\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1v?? n\u00e1padn\u00e9, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b zmaten\u00e9 a bezc\u00edln\u00e9.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips321','TSE = transmisivn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatie.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O tom, jak za\u010dalo \u201ekrav\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed\u201c, jak se projevuje a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, a zda n\u00e1s st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b ohro\u017euje.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u201e\u017dila byla v dalek\u00e9 Anglii ove\u010dka, kter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bla klusavkou \u2013 scrapi\u00ed, jak na on\u011bch ostrovech \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed. A jeliko\u017e pot\u00e9, co po\u0161la, se v\u0161em z\u017eelelo jej\u00edho uboh\u00e9ho t\u011bla, a aby nep\u0159i\u0161lo nazmar, tak je rozva\u0159ili, \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e je u\u010dmoudili, ani ne p\u0159i sto stupn\u00edch, v kafil\u00e9rii na ka\u0161i. Tu usu\u0161ili a dali se\u017erat kr\u00e1v\u011b. A jeliko\u017e ji takhle p\u0159ikrmovali dlouho, klusavka \u2013 scrapie \u2013 nakonec zmutovala v novou nemoc, nemoc \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav. S jistou nads\u00e1zkou lze takto \u201epoh\u00e1dkov\u011b\u201c popsat vznik bovinn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatie, neboli BSE.\u201c<br \/>\n(Josef Duben: Jak n\u00e1s stra\u0161ila BSE)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pn-virove"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=721"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":865,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721\/revisions\/865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}