{"id":722,"date":"2008-04-11T21:49:12","date_gmt":"2008-04-11T19:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2008\/04\/11\/71\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T15:11:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:11:35","slug":"71","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/71\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e1r slov o \u010daji"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Odkud \u010daj poch\u00e1z\u00ed, jak se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 o tom,\u00a0 \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dujeme jako \u010daj, ve skute\u010dnosti \u010dajem nejsou.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: right;width: 78px;height: 74px;float: left\" title=\"salek_caje\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/pohyb\/salek_caje.jpg\" alt=\"salek_caje\" width=\"180\" height=\"171\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><strong>Prav\u00fd \u010daj <\/strong>p\u0159iprav\u00edte pouze z l\u00edstk\u016f \u010dajovn\u00edku \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho, pstovan\u00e9ho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. N\u00e1zev v\u0161ak neklamn\u011b napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010c\u00edny, kde se p\u016fvodn\u011b naz\u00fdval \u201e\u010da\u201c nebo \u201ete\u201c.<\/div>\n<div>\u010caj postupn\u011b\u00a0 z\u00edsk\u00e1val na oblib\u011b i za \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi hranicemi a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dajovn\u00edku se tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo tak\u00e9 do Japonska, dne\u0161n\u00ed Indon\u00e9sie, Indie, na Cejlon, do Indo\u010d\u00edny, Afriky, Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, do Ruska a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. O velk\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu \u010daje mluv\u00ed i fakt, \u017ee je po vod\u011b druh\u00fdm nej\u010dast\u011bji konzumovan\u00fdm n\u00e1pojem na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se p\u0159ipravuje \u010daj?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u010caj p\u0159iprav\u00edte tak, \u017ee su\u0161en\u00e9 \u010dajov\u00e9 l\u00edstky, a\u0165 u\u017e v podob\u011b sypan\u00e9ho \u010daje \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo v jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch n\u00e1levov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch, zalijete p\u0159eva\u0159enou horkou vodou a nech\u00e1te je n\u011bkolik sekund a\u017e minut louhovat. S\u00e1\u010dkovan\u00e9 \u010daje jsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00ed, nebo\u0165 mohou obsahovat \u010dajovou dr\u0165 a prach.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e1 teplota vody, vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd pom\u011br \u010daje a vody a d\u00e9lka louhov\u00e1n\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed dle typu \u010daje a b\u00fdv\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u011bna v\u00fdrobcem na obalu. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed ale tak\u00e9 na tom, m\u00e1te-li rad\u011bji \u010daj slab\u00fd nebo siln\u00fd. Ke scezen\u00ed spa\u0159en\u00e9ho sypan\u00e9ho \u010daje se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed s\u00edtka z r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad z bambusu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010daje je mo\u017en\u00e9 spa\u0159it p\u0159eva\u0159enou vodou i opakovan\u011b. Hotov\u00fd \u010daj\u00a0 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pod\u00e1vat tepl\u00fd i chlazen\u00fd, to u\u017e z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jen a jen na va\u0161em jaz\u00fd\u010dku.<\/p>\n<p>U n\u00e1s je zvykem pit\u00ed \u010daje s cukrem, s medem a citronem \u010di s ml\u00e9kem. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se ale m\u016f\u017eete setkat i s \u010daji, do nich\u017e je p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1no r\u016fzn\u00e9 ko\u0159en\u00ed, m\u00e1slo a s\u016fl. Jsou m\u00edsta, kde se kvalita \u010daje hodnot\u00ed podle obsahu cukru v n\u00e1levu. \u010c\u00edm slad\u0161\u00ed \u010daj v\u00e1m hostitel p\u0159iprav\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce si v\u00e1s pova\u017euje. Mnoh\u00e9 n\u00e1rody pova\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu a pit\u00ed \u010daje za ob\u0159ad.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Kalmyck\u00e9 oblasti Ruska, co\u017e je oblast u Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, m\u016f\u017eete dostat zelen\u00fd \u010daj s ml\u00e9kem, sol\u00ed, m\u00e1slem, bobkov\u00fdm listem, mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00fdm o\u0159\u00ed\u0161kem, h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkem \u010di\u00a0 jin\u00fdm ko\u0159en\u00edm dle chuti. V Indii se \u010daj v\u011bt\u0161inou velmi vydatn\u011b oslad\u00ed a pije se s ml\u00e9kem, n\u011bkdy s p\u0159\u00eddavkem ko\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159. z\u00e1zvoru. V Anglii m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava a pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010daje sv\u00e1 nepsan\u00e1 pravidla. Konvice na \u010daj se nejd\u0159\u00edv pedeh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, nap\u0159. teplou vodou. \u010caj se pije s ml\u00e9kem \u010di se smetanou. Ale pozor, z\u00e1sadn\u011b se do hrnk\u016f nal\u00e9v\u00e1 nejprve ml\u00e9ko \u010di smetana a a\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b \u010daj. Angli\u010dan\u00e9 pij\u00ed \u010daj v p\u0159esn\u011b stanoven\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch. Kdo by ostatn\u011b neznal anglick\u00fd \u201e\u010daj o p\u00e1t\u00e9\u201c, \u017ee?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi zelen\u00fdm a \u010dern\u00fdm \u010dajem?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u010d by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee \u010dajov\u00e9 l\u00edstky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch rostlin, opak je pravdou. Rozd\u00edl je pouze ve zp\u016fsobu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cern\u00fd \u010daj se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed z l\u00edstk\u016f \u010dajovn\u00edku, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159ed su\u0161en\u00edm upraveny tzv. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips184'>fermentac\u00ed<\/span>, u zelen\u00e9ho \u010daje byly l\u00edstky su\u0161eny rovnou bez t\u00e9to \u00fapravy. P\u0159echod mezi zelen\u00fdm a \u010dern\u00fdm \u010dajem tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010daj polofermentovan\u00fd, tzv. oolong. M\u016f\u017eete se ale setkat i s \u010dajem b\u00edl\u00fdm, kter\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed z nerozvit\u00fdch pupen\u016f list\u016f \u010dajovn\u00edku a stejn\u011b jako zelen\u00fd \u010daj neproch\u00e1z\u00ed \u00fapravou <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips184'>fermentac\u00ed<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak je to s bylinkov\u00fdm a ovocn\u00fdm \u010dajem?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tak, te\u010f jste uhodili h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek na hlavi\u010dku. Bylinkov\u00e9 ani ovocn\u00e9 \u010daje vlastn\u011b \u010dajem v prav\u00e9m slova smyslu nejsou, proto\u017ee se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch su\u0161en\u00fdch bylinek \u010di ovoce, ale ne z l\u00edstk\u016f \u010dajovn\u00edku. V\u00fdjimkou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen\u00a0 prav\u00fd \u010dern\u00fd, zelen\u00fd nebo b\u00edl\u00fd \u010daj z \u010dajovn\u00edku obohacen\u00fd ovocn\u00fdm \u010di bylinkov\u00fdm aroma.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pro\u010d je \u010daj ho\u0159k\u00fd?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u010caj obsahuje t\u0159\u00edsloviny, kter\u00e9 mu d\u00e1vaj\u00ed ho\u0159kou a\u017e sv\u00edravou chu\u0165. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00edslovin se ov\u0161em do \u010daje za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 uvol\u0148ovat a\u017e po t\u0159et\u00ed minut\u011b louhov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ho\u0159kou \u010di sv\u00edravou chu\u0165 \u010daje proto m\u016f\u017eete omezit zkr\u00e1cen\u00edm doby louhov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9ho \u010daje nejl\u00e9pe na 1-2 minuty. Zelen\u00fd \u010daj je doporu\u010deno louhovat je\u0161t\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed dobu, a to asi 15 &#8211; 30 sekund.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je vhodn\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 pit\u00ed \u010daje?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ano, ale zejm\u00e9na u d\u011bt\u00ed se to s mno\u017estv\u00edm a s\u00edlou n\u00e1poje nesm\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt. Prav\u00fd \u010daj toti\u017e stejn\u011b jako k\u00e1va a colov\u00e9 n\u00e1poje obsahuje <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips296'>kofein<\/span>, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v nadbytku zp\u016fsobit nap\u0159\u00edklad nespavost \u010di p\u0159ekyselen\u00ed \u017ealudku. Siln\u00fd \u010dern\u00fd \u010daj by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt pravidelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pitn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b vzhledem k pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9mu obsahu t\u0159\u00edslovin m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobovat z\u00e1cpu. T\u0159\u00edsloviny nav\u00edc sni\u017euj\u00ed i vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza z potravy. Mo\u017en\u00e9 riziko pro zdrav\u00ed mohou znamenat i \u010dajov\u00e9 l\u00edstky, kter\u00e9 byly su\u0161eny nebo skladov\u00e1ny za nevhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Ty toti\u017e mohou obsahovat <a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/70\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pl\u00edsn\u011b a pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy<\/a>, kter\u00e9 nezni\u010d\u00edte ani zalit\u00edm horkou\u00a0 vodou.<\/p>\n<p>Z pozitivn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f pit\u00ed \u010daje je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit vysok\u00fd obsah fluoru, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vznikem zubn\u00edho kazu a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro pevnost kost\u00ed. D\u00edky obsahu kofeinu a dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek pit\u00ed \u010daje oddaluje \u00fanavu, zlep\u0161uje koncentraci a my\u0161len\u00ed. Jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, nap\u0159\u00edklad polyfenoly obsa\u017een\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v zelen\u00e9m a b\u00edl\u00e9m \u010daji, chr\u00e1n\u00ed organizmus i p\u0159ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi chorobami, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ed onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi srdce a c\u00e9v, n\u011bkter\u00fdmi druhy rakoviny a p\u0159ed alergiemi. \u00da\u010dinky pit\u00ed \u010daje na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed jsou nad\u00e1le intenzivn\u011b zkoum\u00e1ny v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi pracovi\u0161ti a budoucnost t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b p\u0159inese dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 objevy.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>A je\u0161t\u011b slovo na z\u00e1v\u011br.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky \u010daje ji\u017e za\u010dal vyu\u017e\u00edvat i kosmetick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a\u00a0 \u010dajov\u00e9 extrakty jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch regenera\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ple\u0165?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span>Sk\u00e1cel, J. O \u010daji. V\u00fd\u017eiva a potraviny s.77-78, ro\u010dn\u00edk 58, 2003.<br \/><\/span><\/em><em><span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bezpecnostpotravin.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bezpecnost potravin<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips184','Fermentace = kva\u0161en\u00ed je proces, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e se organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky postupn\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed za \u00fa\u010dasti mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch enzym\u016f na jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky. V potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u010daje, alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, octa, dro\u017ed\u00ed, kysan\u00fdch ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f aj.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips296','Kofein je povzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi alkaloidy. Citlivost na kofein nen\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e1 podle v\u011bku. Mezi jeho \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky pat\u0159\u00ed povzbuzen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, odd\u00e1len\u00ed \u00fanavy, zbyst\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed koncentrace. P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu kofeinu se ale jeho \u00fa\u010dinky sni\u017euj\u00ed, ke stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku je pot\u0159eba vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka. \u00da\u010dinek kofeinu z \u010daje m\u00e1 pomalej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stup ne\u017e z k\u00e1vy, trv\u00e1 ale d\u00e9le. Mezi ne\u017e\u00e1douc?? \u00fa\u010dinky pt\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b bolesti \u017ealudku, p\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy a\u017e \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed v\u0159edy, bu\u0161en\u00ed srdce a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, infarkt. Proto\u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed mo\u010dopudn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee podporovat rozvoj ledvinov\u00fdch poruch, proto se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edjmu kofeinu doporu\u010duje p\u00edt v\u00edce tekutin. Ve velk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch vede k pocitu podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, neklidu, nespavosti, velmi velmi vysok\u00e1 d\u00e1vka kofeinu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt smrteln\u00e1 sama o sob\u011b. Kofein zvy\u0161uje odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku z kost\u00ed, p\u0159i jeho p\u0159\u00edjmu proto zvy\u0161te p\u0159\u00edjem ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odkud \u010daj poch\u00e1z\u00ed, jak se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 o tom,\u00a0 \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dujeme jako \u010daj, ve skute\u010dnosti \u010dajem nejsou.<\/p>\n<p>Prav\u00fd \u010daj p\u0159iprav\u00edte pouze z l\u00edstk\u016f \u010dajovn\u00edku \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho, pstovan\u00e9ho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. N\u00e1zev v\u0161ak neklamn\u011b napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010c\u00edny, kde se p\u016fvodn\u011b naz\u00fdval \u201e\u010da\u201c nebo \u201ete\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sl-koeni-a-pochutiny"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=722"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1618,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/722\/revisions\/1618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}