{"id":725,"date":"2008-02-25T22:01:20","date_gmt":"2008-02-25T21:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2008\/02\/25\/62\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:13","slug":"62","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/62\/","title":{"rendered":"Jedovat\u00e9 houby a otravy z nich"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Jak\u00e9 \u0161kody na zdrav\u00ed mohou jedovat\u00e9 houby zp\u016fsobit a jak poskytnout nezbytnou prvn\u00ed pomoc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>U n\u00e1s a slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v\u016fbec m\u00e1 sb\u011br hub dlouhou tradici. Jen\u017ee ne v\u0161echny houby, kter\u00e9 v na\u0161ich les\u00edch a na luk\u00e1ch rostou, jsou jedl\u00e9. Houba\u0159i mnohdy v\u016fbec neznaj\u00ed jedovat\u00e9 druhy, a potom snadno dojde k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b jedl\u00e9 houby za jedovatou. Leckdy l\u00e1k\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u011bkn\u00fd vzhled n\u011bkter\u00fdch jedovat\u00fdch hub a \u010dasto i dobr\u00e1 chu\u0165 za syrova.<\/p>\n<p>K otrav\u00e1m houbami doch\u00e1z\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji po po\u017eit\u00ed hub z\u00edskan\u00fdch vlastn\u00edm sb\u011brem, tak\u00e9 ale po konzumaci darovan\u00fdch a nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto koupen\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>Jedovat\u00e9 houby obsahuj\u00ed l\u00e1tky \u2013 toxiny, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed otravu i po d\u016fkladn\u00e9m tepeln\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. U prudce jedovat\u00fdch\u00a0 hub sta\u010d\u00ed sn\u00edst jen k\u00e1vovou l\u017ei\u010dku pokrmu (muchom\u016frka zelen\u00e1), u jin\u00fdch sta\u010d\u00ed 1 nebo 2 houby (muchom\u016frka \u010derven\u00e1), u slab\u011bji jedovat\u00fdch 100-200 g syrov\u00fdch hub.<\/p>\n<p>Otravu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mohou jedovat\u00e9 houby vyvolat i po usu\u0161en\u00ed, zamra\u017een\u00ed \u010di nalo\u017een\u00ed do octa (mnohdy jsou takov\u00e9 otravy z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, objevuj\u00ed se v\u00a0dob\u011b mimo houba\u0159skou sez\u00f3nu a posti\u017een\u00fd si nemus\u00ed hned uv\u011bdomit, co je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jeho obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Pozor! Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt i houby nejedovat\u00e9, jsou-li zapa\u0159en\u00e9, plesniv\u00e9 \u010di star\u00e9, zapomenut\u00e9 v chladni\u010dce.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>V\u00fdb\u011br z jedovat\u00fdch druh\u016f: <\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Muchom\u016frka zelen\u00e1\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;width: 140px;float: right;height: 215px\" title=\"muchomurka_zelena\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/muchomurka_zelena.jpg\" alt=\"muchomurka_zelena\" width=\"140\" height=\"215\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eMatka t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00e9 rodiny mi kdysi \u0159ekla, \u017ee sb\u00edrala \u201ezelen\u00e9 \u017eampi\u00f3ny\u201c v lese u chaty. Prav\u00e9 s b\u00edl\u00fdmi klobouky dob\u0159e zn\u00e1, maj\u00ed klobouky b\u00edl\u00e9 proto, \u017ee rostou na louce, kde na n\u011b sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce. V lese maj\u00ed pr\u00fd tyt\u00e9\u017e houby klobouky zelen\u00e9. Chu\u0165 m\u011bly houby v\u00fdte\u010dnou, je\u0161t\u011b nikdy si tak dob\u0159e nepochutnali na j\u00eddle z hub. V\u0161ichni t\u0159i zem\u0159eli na otravu muchom\u016frkou zelenou.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> (\u00faryvek z knihy Jedovat\u00e9 houby autor\u016f J. Kubi\u010dka, J. Erhart a M. Erhartov\u00e1)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Muchom\u016frka zelen\u00e1 je velmi jedovat\u00e1 houba, pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd a pacient je bezprost\u0159edn\u011b ohro\u017een na \u017eivot\u011b. I p\u0159es pokroky v\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt otrava smrteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\">Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: Po pom\u011brn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b klidu, nejd\u0159\u00edve za 6 hodin, oby\u010dejn\u011b v\u0161ak za 8\u201312 hodin, n\u011bkdy i za v\u00edce hodin po j\u00eddle, se dostavuje zvracen\u00ed a pr\u016fjem, kter\u00e9 trvaj\u00ed obvykle 2 dny a 2 noci. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k velk\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m tekutin, nemocn\u00fd se c\u00edt\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n, objevuj\u00ed se k\u0159e\u010de v noh\u00e1ch. Jakmile pr\u016fjmy a zvracen\u00ed skon\u010d\u00ed, nastupuje kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 \u00falevy. Pot\u00e9 se dostav\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze otravy, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b tak\u00e9 ledvin. Bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 pomoci posti\u017een\u00fd upad\u00e1 do bezv\u011bdom\u00ed a 5.\u20136. den otravy um\u00edr\u00e1 na selh\u00e1n\u00ed jater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\">Stejn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh a l\u00e9\u010dbu maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 otrava muchom\u016frkou jarn\u00ed a muchom\u016frkou j\u00edzlivou (p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00e1 and\u011bl zk\u00e1zy).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u010cechratka podvinut\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"cechratka_podvinuta\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/cechratka_podvinuta.jpg\" alt=\"cechratka_podvinuta\" width=\"251\" height=\"173\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>D\u0159\u00edve byla tato \u201egul\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1 houba\u201c (pro jej\u00ed hnd\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 barvilo i pokrmy) pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jedlou a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch star\u0161\u00edch atlasech je tak tak\u00e9 uvedena. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater a ledvin.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: N\u011bkolik hodin po j\u00eddle se m\u016f\u017ee dostavit nevolnost, bolesti v b\u0159i\u0161e a pr\u016fjmy. M\u016f\u017ee se v\u0161ak st\u00e1t, \u017ee se objev\u00ed i mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poruchy jako je teplota nad 40 \u00b0C, siln\u00e9 bolesti v k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, t\u0159esavka. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt a\u017e k akutn\u00edmu selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se p\u0159\u00edznaky dostavuj\u00ed pozvolna a drobn\u00e9 akutn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed ledvin se zm\u011bn\u00ed v <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips204'>chronick\u00e9<\/span>, kdy ledviny p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed pomalu fungovat a posti\u017een\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee i zem\u0159\u00edt. Toto po\u0161kozen\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee objevit a\u017e n\u011bkolik let po po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to houby.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">H\u0159ib satan\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em><span> <br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"hrib_satan\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/hrib_satan.jpg\" alt=\"hrib_satan\" width=\"251\" height=\"176\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>H\u0159ib satan je jedn\u00edm z na\u0161ich nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch h\u0159ib\u016f, ale je prudce jedovat\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: Pouh\u00fd kousek klobouku po\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159i ochutn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1m b\u011bhem p\u016fl a\u017e dvou hodin zp\u016fsob\u00ed nezti\u0161iteln\u00e9 zvracen\u00ed. Otrava kon\u010d\u00ed dob\u0159e, \u00famrt\u00ed nejsou zn\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Muchom\u016frka \u010derven\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"muchomurka_cervena\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/muchomurka_cervena.jpg\" alt=\"muchomurka_cervena\" width=\"251\" height=\"167\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem se muchom\u016frka \u010derven\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvala jako magick\u00e1 droga k omamn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm p\u0159i n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ob\u0159adech.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161e babi\u010dky a prababi\u010dky s jej\u00ed pomoc\u00ed lapaly mouchy \u2013 nalo\u017eily je do ml\u00e9ka a v\u00fdluh pou\u017eily jako mucholapku \u2013 odtud n\u00e1zev muchom\u016frka.<\/p>\n<p>Latinsky se tato houba naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Amanita muscaria, a proto se jed, kter\u00fd obsahuje, naz\u00fdv\u00e1 muscarin. Bylo v\u0161ak zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee muskarinu obsahuje muchom\u016frka \u010derven\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo a dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee jej\u00ed jedovatost je vlastn\u011b zp\u016fsobena celou skupinou jin\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: P\u016fl a\u017e 3 hodiny po j\u00eddle se dostavuje nevolnost, zvracen\u00ed, bolesti hlavy, bu\u0161en\u00ed srdce. Zorni\u010dky jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit poruchy vid\u011bn\u00ed. Otr\u00e1ven\u00fd se \u010dasto podob\u00e1 opil\u00e9mu: hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed, jen tak se sm\u011bje nebo pl\u00e1\u010de, pob\u00edh\u00e1, bije s\u00e1m sebe, zdravotn\u00edk\u016fm tyk\u00e1, nad\u00e1v\u00e1 apod. Jeden l\u00e9ka\u0159 jednou takto otr\u00e1ven\u00e9ho pacienta ozna\u010dil za \u201evzru\u0161en\u00e9ho primitiva\u201c. Pak nastupuje mr\u00e1kotn\u00fd stav, halucinace, kdy pacient k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed, br\u00e1n\u00ed se a v nemocnici \u010dasto vzbud\u00ed cel\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed. Nakonec upad\u00e1 do hlubok\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku a po probuzen\u00ed si nic nepamatuje. Otrava i p\u0159es dramatick\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh kon\u010d\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f druh\u00fd den a \u00famrt\u00ed jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e ojedin\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Otrava muchom\u016frkou \u010dervenou je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 a vyskytuje se hlavn\u011b u mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto otrav je zp\u016fsobena muchom\u016frkou tygrovanou (panterovou), m\u00e1 stejn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh i l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>Muchom\u016frka tygrovan\u00e1<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/muchomurka_tygrovana.jpg\" alt=\"muchomurka_tygrovana\" width=\"251\" height=\"167\" \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Pavu\u010dinec ply\u0161ov\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pavu\u010dinec je jedna z na\u0161ich nez\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hub, nebo\u0165 p\u0159\u00edznaky otravy se objevuj\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve za 2 dny a nejpozd\u011bji za v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 t\u00fddny (!) po po\u017eit\u00ed, kdy u\u017e si jen m\u00e1lokdo spoj\u00ed konzumaci hub s onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>U n\u00e1s byla otrava pavu\u010dincem poprv\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1na a\u017e v roce 1977, kdy zem\u0159ela dvoulet\u00e1 hol\u010di\u010dka po opakovan\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed houbov\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky. Otce se poda\u0159ilo po velk\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed zachr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: Pavu\u010dinec v\u00e1\u017een\u011b postihuje ledviny. Po po\u017eit\u00ed hub se objevuj\u00ed pr\u016fjmy a zvracen\u00ed, po dvou a v\u00edce dnech poruchy mo\u010den\u00ed, a\u017e posti\u017een\u00fd nakonec p\u0159estane mo\u010dit \u00fapln\u011b. Otrava \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed smrt\u00ed nebo trval\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm ledvin, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje pravidelnou dial\u00fdzu nebo transplantaci.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Pe\u010d\u00e1rka z\u00e1pa\u0161n\u00e1 <br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"pecarka_zapasna\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/pecarka_zapasna.jpg\" alt=\"pecarka_zapasna\" width=\"251\" height=\"179\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Ve velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b je u n\u00e1s pe\u010d\u00e1rka poln\u00ed, neboli \u017eampion. Pat\u0159\u00edte-li mezi ty, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0jej r\u00e1di\u00a0sb\u00edraj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod, dejte pozor, abyste si jej nespletli s jedovatou pe\u010d\u00e1rkou z\u00e1pa\u0161nou!\u00a0 Tato m\u00edrn\u011b jedovat\u00e1 houba m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit r\u016fzn\u011b siln\u00e9 \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. U odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jedinc\u016f nemus\u00ed po\u017eit\u00ed pe\u010d\u00e1rky z\u00e1pa\u0161n\u00e9 vyvolat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, ti m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00ed pro\u017eij\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 chv\u00edle.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b (du\u0161en\u00ed, va\u0159en\u00ed) vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 pe\u010d\u00e1rka odporn\u00fd pach po karbolu nebo sv\u00edtiplynu, co\u017e obvykle zabr\u00e1n\u00ed houba\u0159\u016fm v jej\u00ed konzumaci.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: Za 1\u20133 hodiny po po\u017eit\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bchto hub se objev\u00ed siln\u00e9 bolesti b\u0159icha a zvracen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik hodin. Pr\u016fjmy jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjimkou.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Strm\u011blka voskov\u00e1 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"strmelka voskova\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/strmelka%20voskova.jpg\" alt=\"strmelka voskova\" width=\"251\" height=\"173\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy rodu strm\u011blka obsahuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed jedu naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho muskarin. Jde nejen o strm\u011blku voskovou, ale tak\u00e9 o listomilnou, odbarvenou, pot\u016f\u010dkovou a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: N\u011bkdy ji\u017e b\u011bhem j\u00eddla, \u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak do 2 hodin po n\u011bm, se objevuje n\u00e1padn\u00e9 pocen\u00ed, slin\u011bn\u00ed a slzen\u00ed. Posti\u017een\u00fd se n\u011bkdy ve sv\u00e9m potu doslova koupe. Dostavuje se zvracen\u00ed, pr\u016fjmy, \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed nevolnost. Kles\u00e1 krevn\u00ed tlak, zpomaluje se tep, nemocn\u00fd m\u00e1 zimnici a t\u0159esavku. Zu\u017euj\u00ed se zorni\u010dky a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poruch\u00e1m vid\u011bn\u00ed, nastupuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 mohou vy\u00fastit a\u017e v \u00faplnou z\u00e1stavu dechu. Pokud posti\u017een\u00fd sn\u011bdl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed hub, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed jedu, m\u016f\u017ee bez v\u010dasn\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Vl\u00e1knice za\u010dervenal\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"vlaknice zacervenala\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/vlaknice%20zacervenala.jpg\" alt=\"vlaknice zacervenala\" width=\"251\" height=\"167\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Rod vl\u00e1knice zahrnuje u n\u00e1s asi 100 druh\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich obsahuje v r\u016fzn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed jed muskarin. Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vl\u00e1knice za\u010dervenal\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se u n\u00e1s n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 Patouillardovou (na po\u010dest francouzsk\u00e9ho mykologa Patoulliarda). Smrtelnou d\u00e1vku jedu obsahuje 100\u2013500 g \u010derstv\u00e9 houby<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: Je toto\u017en\u00fd s otravou strm\u011blky voskov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">T\u0159epenitka svaz\u010dit\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"trepenitka_svazcita\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/trepenitka_svazcita.jpg\" alt=\"trepenitka_svazcita\" width=\"251\" height=\"167\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Tato t\u0159epenitka je nejen odporn\u011b ho\u0159k\u00e1, a to i po uva\u0159en\u00ed, ale po jej\u00edm po\u017eit\u00ed jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny otravy podobn\u00e9 otrav\u00e1m smrteln\u011b jedovatou muchom\u016frkou zelenou.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Uch\u00e1\u010d obecn\u00fd\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/uchac-obecny.jpg\" alt=\"uchac-obecny\" width=\"251\" height=\"188\" \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 trochu otravu muchom\u016frkou zelenou, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch se li\u0161\u00ed. Asi 5\u201310 hodin po j\u00eddle p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nevolnost, bolesti hlavy a b\u0159icha, zvracen\u00ed. Zvracen\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 jako u otravy muchom\u016frkou zelenou. Tak\u00e9 pr\u016fjem, typick\u00fd pro otravu muchom\u016frkou zelenou, je u uch\u00e1\u010de sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd. \u010casto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k otoku mozku a selh\u00e1n\u00ed krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Objevuje se \u017eloutenka a n\u011bkdy otrava kon\u010d\u00ed i \u00famrt\u00edm.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z\u00e1vojenka jarn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"zavojenka jarni\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/zavojenka%20jarni.jpg\" alt=\"zavojenka jarni\" width=\"251\" height=\"170\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Z\u00e1vojenka jarn\u00ed, nebo tak\u00e9 zvonovka jarn\u00ed, je siln\u011b jedovat\u00e1 houba.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: 2-4 hodiny po j\u00eddle se opakovan\u011b dostav\u00ed siln\u00e9 pr\u016fjmy, kter\u00e9 mohou trvat i n\u011bkolik dn\u016f. Dlouhodob\u00e9 pr\u016fjmy vedou k siln\u00e9mu odvodn\u011bn\u00ed organismu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9mu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fanav\u011b.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z\u00e1vojenka olovov\u00e1 <br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: left;float: right\" title=\"zavojenka_olovova\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/jedovate_houby\/zavojenka_olovova.jpg\" alt=\"zavojenka_olovova\" width=\"251\" height=\"167\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Z\u00e1vojenka olovov\u00e1 je siln\u011b jedovat\u00e1 houba, u n\u00e1s zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 pod latinsk\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \u201elividum\u201c. V ml\u00e1d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00ednat mal\u00e9 h\u0159\u00edbe\u010dky.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh otravy: 2-4 hodiny po j\u00eddle se objev\u00ed \u00faporn\u00e9 zvracen\u00ed a siln\u00fdmi pr\u016fjmy. Tento stav n\u011bkdy trv\u00e1 i n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a vede k velk\u00e9mu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed organismu. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i k po\u0161kozen\u00ed ledvin. Otravy jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro mal\u00e9 d\u011bti a star\u0161\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e9 jsou ohro\u017eeny na \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co d\u011blat p\u0159i otrav\u011b houbami?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Otravy houbami se projevuj\u00ed podle druhu hub, a to p\u00e1r minut a\u017e mnoho hodin po po\u017eit\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1te podez\u0159en\u00ed na otravu houbami, sna\u017ete se v\u017edy vyvolat zvracen\u00ed a co nejrychleji p\u0159ivolat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Zvracen\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete vyvolat tak, \u017ee vypijete teplou osolenou vodu nebo si jednodu\u0161e str\u010d\u00edte prst do krku. <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips283'>alkohol<\/span> ani ml\u00e9ko nepijte!\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Zvratky a zbytky hub uchovejte pro vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Seznam nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch houba\u0159sk\u00fdch poraden:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.myko.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010cesk\u00e1 mykologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/a>, Praha<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mzm.cz\/botanicke-oddeleni\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moravsk\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9 muzeum, botanick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed, houba\u0159sk\u00e1 poradna<\/a>, Brno<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.muzeumcb.cz\/cz\/?clanek=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 muzeum, odd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd<\/a>, \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ostrmuz.cz\/website\/mainmenu\/mykologicka-poradna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ostravsk\u00e9 muzeum, Ostravsk\u00e1 mykologick\u00e1 poradna<\/a>, Ostrava<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.muzeumhk.cz\/mykologicka-poradna.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Krajsk\u00e1 mykologick\u00e1 poradna p\u0159i Muzeu v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech<\/a>, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.myko.cz\/odbocky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mykoadres\u00e1\u0159 \u2013 seznam mykologick\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Foto: Ale\u0161 V\u00edt, \u010cMS.<\/p>\n<p><em><span><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<br \/><\/strong>J. Kubi\u010dka, J. Erhart a M. Erhartov\u00e1, Jedovat\u00e9 houby. Praha, Avicenum, 1980. <br \/>Hans E. Laux. Jedl\u00e9 houby a jejich jedovat\u00ed dvojn\u00edci: jak je spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozeznat a sb\u00edrat. L\u00edbezn\u00edce, V\u00edkend, 2006.<br \/>M. Edmund, A.\u00a0 Schmalfuss. Houby spr\u00e1vn\u011b ur\u010dete, nasb\u00edrejte a p\u0159ipravte: velk\u00fd barevn\u00fd pr\u016fvodce houba\u0159e. Zl\u00edn, Bawa Print, 1997.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 <br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips204','Chronick\u00e9 = dlouhodob\u00e9'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak\u00e9 \u0161kody na zdrav\u00ed mohou jedovat\u00e9 houby zp\u016fsobit a jak poskytnout nezbytnou prvn\u00ed pomoc.<br \/>\nU n\u00e1s a slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v\u016fbec m\u00e1 sb\u011br hub dlouhou tradici. Jen\u017ee ne v\u0161echny houby, kter\u00e9 v na\u0161ich les\u00edch a na luk\u00e1ch rostou, jsou jedl\u00e9. Houba\u0159i mnohdy v\u016fbec neznaj\u00ed jedovat\u00e9 druhy, a potom snadno dojde k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b jedl\u00e9 houby za jedovatou. Leckdy l\u00e1k\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u011bkn\u00fd vzhled n\u011bkter\u00fdch jedovat\u00fdch hub a \u010dasto i dobr\u00e1 chu\u0165 za syrova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-otravy-houbami"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":864,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/725\/revisions\/864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}