{"id":728,"date":"2007-12-17T15:31:51","date_gmt":"2007-12-17T14:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2007\/12\/17\/70\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:12","slug":"70","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/70\/","title":{"rendered":"Potravinov\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #003399\">Co jsou potravinov\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b? Mohou n\u00e1m \u0161kodit nebo i prosp\u00edvat?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/chleba.jpg\" alt=\"chleba\" width=\"108\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z V\u00e1s se jist\u011b ji\u017e n\u011bkdy stalo, \u017ee jste na chleb\u011b, ovoci nebo na povrchu zava\u0159eniny objevili zelen\u00fd, b\u00edl\u00fd nebo jinak zbarven\u00fd porost.\u00a0 Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se jednalo opotravinovou pl\u00edse\u0148.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00edsn\u011b jsou vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 mikroskopick\u00e9 houby, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak netvo\u0159\u00ed velk\u00e9 jedl\u00e9 plodnice jako houby, kter\u00e9 sb\u00edr\u00e1te v lese. Na napaden\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch pl\u00edsn\u011b vypadaj\u00ed jako r\u016fzn\u011b zbarven\u00e9 porosty. Jednotliv\u00e9 druhy pl\u00edsn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete od sebe vz\u00e1jemn\u011b rozli\u0161it, a\u017e kdy\u017e se na n\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1te pod mikroskopem.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladem jejich t\u011bla jsou vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e9 se slo\u017eit\u011b v\u011btv\u00ed v podhoub\u00ed. Z podhoub\u00ed tak\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed org\u00e1ny, z nich\u017e se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdtrusy (spory).<\/p>\n<p>K nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm potravinov\u00fdm pl\u00edsn\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed\u00a0 rody\u00a0 Penicillium a Aspergillus.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mohou n\u00e1m potravinov\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b \u0161kodit?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed ano.<\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b pl\u00edsn\u011b rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u017eiviny v potravin\u00e1ch a zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00ed tak ka\u017een\u00ed potravin.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b nav\u00edc v potravin\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy \u2013 mykotoxiny, kter\u00e9 pronikaj\u00ed hluboko do potraviny. T\u011bch je velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed.\u00a0 N\u011bkter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed u lid\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee (nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u016fjmy), ale mohou m\u00edt i z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky &#8211; po\u0161kozuj\u00ed j\u00e1tra, ledviny, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips117'>imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/span> a\u00a0 tvorbu krve, jin\u00e9 maj\u00ed dokonce rakovinotvorn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed halucinace.<\/p>\n<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdm jedem je aflatoxin B1, kter\u00fd je d\u00e1v\u00e1n do souvislosti s rakovinou jater, s poruchami obranyschopnosti a s dal\u0161\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi neduhy. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0bursk\u00fdch o\u0159\u00ed\u0161c\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch such\u00fdch plodech, zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0dovozu z\u00a0trop\u016f a subtrop\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00edm je nap\u0159\u00edklad ochratoxin (po\u0161kozuje ledviny) nebo patulin. Ten b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u00a0plesniv\u00e9m ovoci, zejm\u00e9na jablk\u00e1ch (p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b mo\u0161t\u016f \u010di kompot\u016f je proto t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9, pl\u00edsn\u00ed nenapaden\u00e9 ovoce).<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy\u00a0 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed nejen na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed, ale i zdrav\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 jsou krmena zapl\u00edsn\u011bn\u00fdm krmivem. Proto dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata nekrmte plesniv\u00fdmi potravinami, pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed v krvi a org\u00e1nech zv\u00ed\u0159at i po por\u00e1\u017ece a n\u00e1sledn\u011b jsou i v zabija\u010dkov\u00fdch produktech.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jsou v\u0161echny pl\u00edsn\u011b zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9?<\/strong><br \/>Ne. V\u0161echny pl\u00edsn\u011b toti\u017e nemaj\u00ed schopnost tvo\u0159it pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 jedy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako \u201ekulturn\u00ed pl\u00edsn\u011b\u201c (nap\u0159\u00edklad Penicillium camemberti),\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bk dokonce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdroby pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdch s\u00fdr\u016f, jako jsou Niva \u010di Hermel\u00edn, a n\u011bkter\u00fdch trvanliv\u00fdch tvrd\u00fdch sal\u00e1m\u016f, kter\u00e9 zraj\u00ed pod pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdm povrchem.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed pl\u00edsn\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Ostatn\u011b, v\u0161em zn\u00e1m\u00fd l\u00e9k penicilin p\u016fvodn\u011b nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e produktem pl\u00edsn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span><strong><em>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span><em>Chlup\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, M. Prevence pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. SZ\u00da 2002.<br \/>Ostr\u00fd, V. Desatero rad k ochran\u011b zdrav\u00ed p\u0159ed mykotoxiny (pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdmi jedy) a toxinogenn\u00edmi pl\u00edsn\u011bmi. SZ\u00da, Praha 2000.<br \/>Ostr\u00fd, V. Vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 mikroskopick\u00e9 houby (pl\u00edsn\u011b), mykotoxiny a zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.SZ\u00da 1998.<br \/>Rady pro zdrav\u00ed \u2013 pl\u00edsn\u011b v potravin\u00e1ch.\u00a0 OHS ve Svitav\u00e1ch, Zpravodaj \u010d.1\/2002.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><em> <br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips117','Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zaji\u0161\u0165uje obranu t\u011bla proti nemocem. Zahrnuje v\u0161echny obrann\u00e9 reakce proti vir\u016fm, bakteri\u00edm, cizorod\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m apod. Imunita znamen\u00e1 obranyschopnost.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips320','DNA je zkratka pro deoxyribonukleovou kyselinu, kter\u00e1 je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace v\u011bt\u0161iny organism\u016f a p\u0159edur\u010duje v\u00fdvoj a vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho organismu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co jsou potravinov\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b? Mohou n\u00e1m \u0161kodit nebo i prosp\u00edvat?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\nKa\u017ed\u00e9mu z V\u00e1s se jist\u011b ji\u017e n\u011bkdy stalo, \u017ee jste na chleb\u011b, ovoci nebo na povrchu zava\u0159eniny objevili zelen\u00fd, b\u00edl\u00fd nebo jinak zbarven\u00fd porost.\u00a0 Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se jednalo opotravinovou pl\u00edse\u0148.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plisn-a-mykotoxiny"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=728"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":858,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/728\/revisions\/858"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}