{"id":737,"date":"2007-11-12T11:43:24","date_gmt":"2007-11-12T10:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2007\/11\/12\/54\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:12","slug":"54","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/54\/","title":{"rendered":"Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti potravin &#8211; jak je pozn\u00e1me?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"background: white;line-height: normal;margin-top: 0cm;margin-right: 4.5pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\"><span style=\"color: #003399\">O ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch reakc\u00edch na potraviny, jak se projevuj\u00ed a kdo je jimi nejv\u00edce ohro\u017een.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><strong><span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/nesnenlivost%20potravin%202.jpg\" alt=\"nesnenlivost potravin 2\" width=\"110\" height=\"91\" style=\"float: left\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Co je <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips41'>nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost potravin<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jako <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips41'>nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost potravin<\/span> neboli potravinov\u00e1 intolerance se\u00a0ozna\u010duje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada reakc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny i n\u00e1sledky. Rozd\u00edl mezi potravinovou alergi\u00ed a potravinovou intoleranc\u00ed je v tom, \u017ee u potravinov\u00e9 alergie je do reakce zapojen <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips117'>imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/span>, zat\u00edmco u intolerance jde o neimunitn\u00ed reakci \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad poruchu tr\u00e1ven\u00ed, poruchu l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bny, \u2026 P\u0159\u00edznaky alergi\u00ed a nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost\u00ed potravin jsou \u010dasto velmi podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed potravin (nap\u0159\u00edklad ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd cukr, lakt\u00f3za), ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed reakce se v\u0161ak dostav\u00ed jen u \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd k n\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159edpoklady. Jin\u00fdm lidem stejn\u00e1 potravina pot\u00ed\u017ee nezp\u016fsob\u00ed. Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti mohou b\u00fdt vrozen\u00e9, ale mohou se objevit i kdykoli b\u011bhem \u017eivota.<br \/><span style=\"color: #ffffff\"><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny i podoby<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339900\">\u2022<\/span> <strong><em>Probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b l\u00e1tek<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti potravin a jejich slo\u017eek pat\u0159\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnosti n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span>. D\u00edky t\u00e9to poru\u0161e nedok\u00e1\u017ee nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk spr\u00e1vn\u011b str\u00e1vit nebo p\u0159em\u011bnit ur\u010ditou slo\u017eku potravy a tato slo\u017eka pak p\u016fsob\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Probl\u00e9my mohou b\u00fdt m\u00edrn\u00e9 (nap\u0159. pr\u016fjmy u nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9ho cukru), ale i velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u2013 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips67'>ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed<\/span> u nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti aminokyseliny fenylalaninu. \u010cinnost enzymu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt naru\u0161ena do\u010dasn\u011b \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad po z\u00e1n\u011btu st\u0159eva p\u0159i bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed schopnost vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed enzymu, kter\u00fd \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd cukr. Trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed funkce enzymu je p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad u d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch metabolick\u00fdch poruch, kdy je porucha ji\u017e na \u00farovni genu pro tvorbu enzymu \u2013 tak je tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad u fenylketonurie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339900\">\u2022<\/span> <strong><em>Pozor na pro\u0161l\u00e9 potraviny<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm typem intolerance je tzv. \u201epseudoalergick\u00e1 reakce\u201c \u2013 tu vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed potraviny s obsahem l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 v t\u011ble aktivuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 pochody, k jak\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips112'>alergick\u00e9 reakci<\/span>. Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed hroz\u00ed zejm\u00e9na po po\u017eit\u00ed zka\u017een\u00e9, plesniv\u00e9<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/nesnasenlivost%20potravin.jpg\" alt=\"nesnasenlivost potravin\" width=\"130\" height=\"121\" style=\"float: right\" \/> nebo pro\u0161l\u00e9 potraviny. V nich pomno\u017een\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b nebo bakterie rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed potravinu a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit zdravotn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, u citliv\u00fdch jedinc\u016f ale mohou zp\u016fsobit v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b a\u017e \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dnou reakci. Potraviny po uplynut\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed trvanlivosti, ani potraviny se zn\u00e1mkami ka\u017een\u00ed proto nikdy nejezte! Nutn\u00e9 je v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyhodit celou potravinu, ne pouze odstranit viditeln\u011b po\u0161kozenou \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do cel\u00e9 potraviny. Nejrizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou z tohoto pohledu star\u0161\u00ed potraviny z ryb, uzenin, s\u00fdr\u016f, kva\u0161en\u00e9 potraviny, pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 s\u00fdry a o\u0159echy.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339900\">\u2022<\/span> <strong><em>Nepodce\u0148ujte psychiku<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span> <\/span>Pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto se tak\u00e9 vyskytuj\u00ed nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti psychick\u00e9. Nem\u00e1me na mysli to, \u017ee n\u011bkterou potravinu nem\u00e1me r\u00e1di. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch citliv\u00fdch osob je schopen psychick\u00fd odpor nebo strach vyvolat skute\u010dn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee po po\u017eit\u00ed. Takov\u00e1 nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi, kulturn\u00edmi nebo i jen estetick\u00fdmi d\u016fvody,\u00a0 n\u011bkdy sta\u010d\u00ed i nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd potravinu ozna\u010d\u00ed za nevhodnou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je riziko nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti u v\u0161ech lid\u00ed stejn\u00e9 nebo je n\u011bkdo v\u00edce ohro\u017een?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 intolerance vznikaj\u00ed b\u011bhem \u017eivota individu\u00e1ln\u011b, jin\u00e9 jsou d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9. Mezi d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 intolerance pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ty, kter\u00e9 jsou zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poruchou tvorby <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips280'>enzym\u016f<\/span> nebo zv\u00fd\u0161enou citlivost\u00ed k n\u011bkter\u00fdm slo\u017ek\u00e1m v potrav\u011b. T\u00edmto typem intolerance jsou v\u00edce ohro\u017eeni ti, kdo maj\u00ed mezi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi pacienta s potravinovou intoleranc\u00ed. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 intolerance pat\u0159\u00ed nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9ho cukru <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips270'>lakt\u00f3zy<\/span>, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nedostatkem enzymu lakt\u00e1zy pro jeho rozklad. Zat\u00edmco u b\u011blo\u0161sk\u00e9 populace Severn\u00ed a Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy a jejich potomk\u016f na americk\u00e9m kontinent\u011b se lakt\u00f3zov\u00e1 intolerance vyskytuje jen u 3\u201320 % obyvatel, u \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva Afriky i Ameriky je to 80\u2013100 %.<br \/>U velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch intoleranc\u00ed, jak\u00fdmi jsou fenylketonurie a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 metabolick\u00e9 poruchy, je proto v\u017edy vy\u0161et\u0159ena cel\u00e1 rodina a na p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch poruch metabolismu se dokonce testuje ka\u017ed\u00fd novorozenec, p\u0159esto\u017ee jsou na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura: <br \/><\/span><\/em><\/strong><em><span><br \/>Fuchs, M.: et al: Potravinov\u00e1 alergie a intolerance, 2016, Mlad\u00e1 Fronta, 448s., ISBN 978-80-204-3757-0.<br \/><\/span><\/em><em><span>Honz\u00edk, T.: Klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch metabolick\u00fdch poruch u d\u011bt\u00ed. Pediatr. praxi, 2011; 12(5): 314\u2013319.<br \/>Lee, M.-F., Krasinski, S.D.: Human adult \u2013 onset lactase decline: an update, Nutrition Reviews, 56, 1998, \u010d.1, s.1-5.<br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips41','Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost potravin = potravinov\u00e1 intolerance.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips67','Ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed = posti\u017een\u00ed rozumov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed mozku.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips112','Alergick\u00e1 reakce je vlastn\u011b p\u0159ehnan\u00e1 reakce obrann\u00e9ho (imunitn\u00edho) syst\u00e9mu t\u011bla. Alergickou reakci m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat cel\u00e1 \u0159ada potravin. V\u00edce informac\u00ed o n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00a0nich se dozv\u00edte ve \u010dl\u00e1nku Potravinov\u00e9 alergie.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips117','Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zaji\u0161\u0165uje obranu t\u011bla proti nemocem. Zahrnuje v\u0161echny obrann\u00e9 reakce proti vir\u016fm, bakteri\u00edm, cizorod\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m apod. Imunita znamen\u00e1 obranyschopnost.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips169','Aminokyseliny jsou organick\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed aminoskupinu -NH2. Aminokyseliny jsou z\u00e1kladem b\u00edlkovin a \u201estavebn\u00edm kamenem\u201c v\u0161ech \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips270','Lakt\u00f3za = ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd cukr. Je to disacharid \u2013 je slo\u017een\u00e1 z 1 molekuly gluk\u00f3zy a 1 molekuly galakt\u00f3zy.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips280','Enzymy jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed a urychluj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch reakc\u00edch na potraviny, jak se projevuj\u00ed a kdo je jimi nejv\u00edce ohro\u017een.<\/p>\n<p>Co je nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost potravin?<br \/>\nJako nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost potravin neboli potravinov\u00e1 intolerance se\u00a0ozna\u010duje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada reakc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny i n\u00e1sledky. Rozd\u00edl mezi potravinovou alergi\u00ed a potravinovou intoleranc\u00ed je v tom, \u017ee u potravinov\u00e9 alergie je do reakce zapojen imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, zat\u00edmco u intolerance jde o neimunitn\u00ed reakci \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad poruchu tr\u00e1ven\u00ed, poruchu l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bny, \u2026 P\u0159\u00edznaky alergi\u00ed a nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost\u00ed potravin jsou \u010dasto velmi podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nesnaenlivosti-potravin"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":849,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737\/revisions\/849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}