{"id":758,"date":"2006-12-28T16:30:48","date_gmt":"2006-12-28T15:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2006\/12\/28\/11\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:12","slug":"11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/11\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017dloutenka (virov\u00e1 hepatitida) typu A a E"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003399\"><strong><i><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/obr.10.jpg\" alt=\"obr.10\" width=\"67\" height=\"77\" \/><\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O \u017eloutence typu A a E, jak se projevuj\u00ed a jak jim m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edch\u00e1zet.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\">Pod pojmem \u017eloutenka se skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater. N\u00e1zev je odvozen od \u017elut\u00e9ho zabarven\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nemocn\u00fdch. Odborn\u011b se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hepatitida.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/prkynko.jpg\" alt=\"prkynko\" width=\"197\" height=\"154\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u017eloutenky jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9, nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou zp\u016fsobeny virem. Virov\u00fdch druh\u016f \u017eloutenky je hned cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a jsou ozna\u010deny p\u00edsmenem A a\u017e E. \u017dloutenky B, C a D se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed krv\u00ed \u010di jin\u00fdmi t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tekutinami (sliny, sperma, po\u0161evn\u00ed sekret, nebezpe\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1kazy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 nekvalitn\u00ed <a title=\"Tetov\u00e1n\u00ed\" href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tetov%C3%A1n%C3%AD\">tetovac\u00ed<\/a> a <a title=\"Piercing\" href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piercing\">piercingov\u00e1<\/a> studia), \u010dasto p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do dlouhodob\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, u kter\u00e9ho hroz\u00ed jatern\u00ed cirh\u00f3za \u010di rakovina. \u017dloutenky typu A a E se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kontaminovan\u00fdmi potravinami nebo vodou a \u0161pinav\u00fdma rukama a nep\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do dlouhodob\u00e9ho stadia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dloutenka<\/strong><strong> typu A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u017dloutenka typu A je typick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm \u201e\u0161pinav\u00fdch rukou\u201c.\u00a0 Vyskytuje se po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u00edce v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. U n\u00e1s onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nejv\u00edce postihuje mal\u00e9 d\u011bti v\u00a0mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, \u0161koln\u00ed d\u011bti, osoby \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a cestovatele.<\/p>\n<p>Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje virus hepatitidy A, kter\u00fd je dosti odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di n\u00edzk\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a dokonce i v mrazech m\u016f\u017ee dlouho p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat. Varem ho v\u0161ak po p\u011bti minut\u00e1ch bezpe\u010dn\u011b zni\u010d\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p><strong><i> Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit \u0161pinav\u00fdma rukama a kontaminovan\u00fdmi potravinami \u010di vodou. Na cest\u00e1ch jsou rizikov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 kostky ledu v\u00a0n\u00e1poj\u00edch p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch ze zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vody, nedostate\u010dn\u011b tepeln\u011b upraven\u00e9 maso, ryby a plody mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p><strong><i> Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nelze v\u017edy p\u0159edej\u00edt dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch pravidel. \u00da\u010dinn\u011b se lze chr\u00e1nit v\u010dasn\u00fdm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm. Plat\u00ed to zejm\u00e9na pro osoby, kter\u00e9 cestuj\u00ed do rizikov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, ale nejen pro n\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong><i>Jak dlouho m\u016f\u017ee naka\u017een\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk \u0161\u00ed\u0159it nemoc na ostatn\u00ed lidi?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Asi dva t\u00fddny od toho, co se nakaz\u00edme, a 3 t\u00fddny po vypuknut\u00ed nemoci, m\u016f\u017eeme sami nemoc p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p><strong><i> Jak se nemoc projevuje a l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edznaky \u017eloutenky typu A se projev\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou mezi 15. a 45. dnem od n\u00e1kazy. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1hle a projevuje se hore\u010dkou, nechutenstv\u00edm, \u00fanavou, nevolnost\u00ed, zvracen\u00edm, bolestmi sval\u016f a kloub\u016f, tmavou mo\u010d\u00ed a sv\u011btlou stolic\u00ed. Ne u v\u0161ech nemocn\u00fdch se objev\u00ed typick\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a b\u011blma, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u d\u011bt\u00ed a mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee nemoc v\u016fbec nezaregistruj\u00ed a p\u0159echod\u00ed ji. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed trv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou 2 a\u017e 4 t\u00fddny. Nebyl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n p\u0159echod do dlouhodob\u00e9ho (chronick\u00e9ho) st\u00e1dia.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba se zam\u011b\u0159uje na m\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f (zvracen\u00ed, teplota apod.) a klid na l\u016f\u017eku, aby m\u011bl organismus pacienta co nejv\u00edce sil na boj s\u00a0virem. Velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 vhodn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br a \u00faprava stravy v\u010detn\u011b alkoholov\u00e9 abstinence a podp\u016frn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed jatern\u00ed bu\u0148ky. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dloutenka typu E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u017dloutenka typu E byla v\u017edy pova\u017eov\u00e1na za onemocn\u011bn\u00ed cestovatel\u016f do rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kdy hlavn\u00edm zdrojem n\u00e1kazy byla zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 voda. Dnes se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit, i kdy\u017e z\u016fstaneme doma, a to zejm\u00e9na konzumac\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b tepeln\u011b upraven\u00e9ho masa, kontaminovanou vodou \u010di p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm kontaktem s\u00a0naka\u017een\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem (obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud nedodr\u017eujeme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hygienick\u00e1 pravidla).<\/p>\n<p>\u017dloutenka typu E se projevuje podobn\u011b jako typ A a pokud nemocn\u00fd nen\u00ed oslaben\u00fd (slab\u00e1 imunita, po\u0161kozen\u00e1 j\u00e1tra), onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159ejde do dlouhodob\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater. Bou\u0159liv\u00fd a\u017e smrteln\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt u \u017een v\u00a0pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1zi t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><i>Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob ochrany je nemoci p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. V\u017edy se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee j\u00eddlo a pit\u00ed, kter\u00e9 konzumujete, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, maso je d\u016fkladn\u011b tepeln\u011b zpracovan\u00e9 a kostky ledu jsou vyroben\u00e9 z\u00a0nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vody. Dodr\u017eujte z\u00e1sady osobn\u00ed hygieny.<\/p>\n<p>O\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tka a\u017e doned\u00e1vna neexistovala. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je vyr\u00e1b\u011bna v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b, celosv\u011btov\u011b v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nen\u00ed dostupn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, 3. LF a SZ\u00da, souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2004. <br \/>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro potraviny: Aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (infekce a otravy z potravin) SZ\u00da Brno 2005.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips204','Chronick\u00e9 = dlouhodob\u00e9'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips283','Chemick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je ethanol \u010di ethylalkohol. Lidov\u011b je to tot\u00e9\u017e co l\u00edh.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>O \u017eloutence typu A a E, jak se projevuj\u00ed a jak jim m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edch\u00e1zet.\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nPod pojmem \u017eloutenka se skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater. N\u00e1zev je odvozen od \u017elut\u00e9ho zabarven\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nemocn\u00fdch. Odborn\u011b se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hepatitida.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":291,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pn-virove"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=758"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":827,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/758\/revisions\/827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}