{"id":761,"date":"2006-12-28T16:24:55","date_gmt":"2006-12-28T15:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2006\/12\/28\/14\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:12","slug":"14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/14\/","title":{"rendered":"Botulismus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Botulismus je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 otrava, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 botulotoxinem, nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm jedem. <\/span><\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: right;width: 93px;height: 71px;float: left\" title=\"veprove\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/veprove.jpg\" alt=\"veprove\" width=\"182\" height=\"139\" border=\"0\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Botulismus je vz<\/span><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">\u00e1cn\u00e9, nicm\u00e9n\u011b velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nervov\u00fdm jedem \u2013 botulotoxinem, kter\u00fd produkuje bakterie <em>Clostridium botulinum<\/em>. Je to nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed jed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se mu tak\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips138'>klob\u00e1sov\u00fd jed<\/span>. <br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i>Clostridium botulinum<\/i> s\u00eddl\u00ed v&nbsp;tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu ryb a savc\u016f, b\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuje v&nbsp;p\u016fd\u011b. \u0160patn\u011b omyt\u00e1 zelenina nebo \u0161patn\u011b vypran\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edvka mohou obsahovat z\u00e1rodky bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nezni\u010d\u00ed ani dlouhodob\u00fd var, a kter\u00e9 v &nbsp;<strong>anaerobn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong> (bez p\u0159\u00edstupu kysl\u00edku) vytvo\u0159\u00ed&nbsp;jed.<\/p>\n<p>Rizikov\u00e9 proto mohou b\u00fdt hlavn\u011b <strong>konzervovan\u00e9 potraviny<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o masov\u00e9, zeleninov\u00e9 a ovocn\u00e9 konzervy, zejm\u00e9na <strong>podom\u00e1cku vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Jak se m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Botulotoxin se k n\u00e1m chov\u00e1 z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011b, podle chuti ani v\u016fn\u011b jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost v j\u00eddle nemus\u00edme poznat, jed nav\u00edc nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v cel\u00e9 konzerv\u011b. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Nejezte konzervy s vypoukl\u00fdm v\u00ed\u010dkem.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed konzervy jsou v\u017edy potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rizikov\u00e9, p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem je rad\u011bji 15 minut d\u016fkladn\u011b prova\u0159te. Toxin s\u00e1m o sob\u011b se d\u00e1 varem zni\u010dit, spory bakteri\u00ed v\u0161ak var p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed. Pokud n\u00e1sledn\u011b pokrm skladujeme a bakterie v&nbsp;n\u011bm maj\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro tvorbu toxinu, jsou schopny ho znovu vytvo\u0159it!<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Pokud doma sami zava\u0159ujete, pe\u010dliv\u011b o\u010dist\u011bte v\u0161echny suroviny ur\u010den\u00e9 ke konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zava\u0159ujte podle n\u00e1vodu a dodr\u017eujte p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 podm\u00ednky (teplota, \u010das).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">P\u0159\u00edznaky otravy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed 18\u201336 hodin po po\u017eit\u00ed naka\u017een\u00e9 potraviny, mohou se ale objevit u\u017e za 6 hodin, nebo naopak a\u017e za&nbsp;n\u011bkolik dn\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\"><strong>Jak se nemoc projevuje?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Nejprve se dostavuje mal\u00e1tnost, mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomny za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky \u2013 sucho v \u00fastech, pot\u00ed\u017ee s polyk\u00e1n\u00edm, chraplav\u00fd hlas, dvojit\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed, pokles svalov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, poruchy d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed smrteln\u00e9,&nbsp; smrt nast\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edky ochrnut\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch sval\u016f, \u010dlov\u011bk se vlastn\u011b udus\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">L\u00e9\u010dba otravy botulotoxinem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pod\u00e1n\u00ed antis\u00e9ra, kter\u00e9 zablokuje \u00fa\u010dinky jedu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span><strong><em><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Botulism, Center for diseases Control and Prevention, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases.&nbsp; <br \/>Clostridium botulinum. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Poisons Information Monograph 858, Bacteria, WHO 2002<br \/>Erbguth, F.J., Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin. Movement disorders. 19 (S8) S2 &#8211; S6, 2004. <br \/>Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, 3. LF a SZ\u00da, souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2004. <br \/>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro potraviny: Aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (infekce a otravy z potravin) SZ\u00da Brno 2005.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/span><em><span><br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips138','Za napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek doch\u00e1zelo v ji\u017en\u00edm N\u011bmecku k otrav\u00e1m po po\u017eit\u00ed uzen\u00fdch klob\u00e1s a za\u010dalo se mluvit o klob\u00e1sov\u00e9m jedu. Teprve o sto let pozd\u011bji byl zji\u0161t\u011bn p\u016fvodce otravy \u2013 bakterie, kter\u00e1 dostala jm\u00e9no Clostridium botulinum, proto\u017ee \u201ebotulus\u201c znamen\u00e1 latinsky klob\u00e1sa. Otrav\u011b se za\u010dalo \u0159\u00edkat botulismus.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Botulismus je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 otrava, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 botulotoxinem, nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm jedem.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nBotulismus je vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, nicm\u00e9n\u011b velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nervov\u00fdm jedem \u2013 botulotoxinem, kter\u00fd produkuje bakterie Clostridium botulinum. Je to nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed jed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se mu tak\u00e9 klob\u00e1sov\u00fd jed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-po-mikrobialni"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=761"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":824,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/761\/revisions\/824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}