{"id":770,"date":"2006-12-28T15:02:36","date_gmt":"2006-12-28T14:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2006\/12\/28\/7\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:11","slug":"7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/7\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1kazy z j\u00eddla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O tom, jak n\u00e1m mikroorganismy mohou p\u011bkn\u011b zava\u0159it. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/plisnak-2.jpg\" alt=\"plisnak-2\" width=\"108\" height=\"97\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">N\u00e1kazy z <\/span><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">j\u00eddla (aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1kazy) tvo\u0159\u00ed skupinu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,, kter\u00e1 <strong>postihuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt \u010dlov\u011bka<\/strong>, proto se tak\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji projevuj\u00ed pr\u016fjmem a zvracen\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich ale\u00a0 mohou\u00a0 m\u00edt i nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jsou infekce vyvolan\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi mikroorganismy \u2013 viry, bakteriemi, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips277'>parazity<\/span>. Pr\u016fb\u011bh a z\u00e1va\u017enost onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje druh a mno\u017estv\u00ed mikrob\u016f a tak\u00e9 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed reakce na\u0161eho organismu na jejich vniknut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\"><strong>K p\u0159enosu mikroorganism\u016f do j\u00eddla m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby<\/strong>, naz\u00fdv\u00e1me je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed. K prim\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1kaze doch\u00e1z\u00ed po\u017eit\u00edm\u00a0 potraviny poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z nemocn\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete (jde zejm\u00e9na o maso a vejce). Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1kaza vznik\u00e1 po\u017eit\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u011b nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9 potraviny, kter\u00e1 byla <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips152'>kontaminov\u00e1na<\/span>\u00a0a\u017e b\u011bhem jej\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a distribuce. Nej\u010dast\u011bji vznik\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eden\u00edm \u010dist\u00e9ho a ne\u010dist\u00e9ho provozu. V dom\u00e1c\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch to nap\u0159\u00edklad znamen\u00e1, \u017ee k\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b pokrm\u016f pou\u017eijeme kontaminovan\u00e1 kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 prk\u00e9nka, n\u00e1stroje, n\u00e1dob\u00ed, no\u017ee, nebo si neumyjeme ruce apod. Proto je t\u0159eba zajistit, aby se potraviny, kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e ur\u010deny ke konzumaci a nebudou se d\u00e1le tepeln\u011b upravovat, nesetkaly \u2013 nek\u0159\u00ed\u017eily &#8211; se syrov\u00fdmi.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p>O<span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">nemocn\u011bn\u00ed z j\u00eddla se vyskytuj\u00ed bu\u010f ojedin\u011ble, nebo v men\u0161\u00edch \u010di v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips189'>epidemi\u00edch<\/span>. K jejich vzniku p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 t\u00e1bo\u0159en\u00ed, cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, hromadn\u00e9 akce jako jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed hostiny, zab\u00edja\u010dky apod. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Mezi<strong> rizikov\u00e9 potraviny<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">maso, dr\u016fbe\u017e, vejce\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">nepasterovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">ryby a plody mo\u0159e \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ryb\u00ed sal\u00e1ty, \u00fast\u0159ice, <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips313'>sushi<\/span>, krevety apod.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">zmrzliny<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">cukr\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">tzv. studen\u00e1 kuchyn\u011b \u2013 to jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm oblo\u017een\u00e9 chleb\u00ed\u010dky, majon\u00e9zy, dresingy apod. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">N\u011bkter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se u n\u00e1s vyskytuj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b, jin\u00e1 si m\u016f\u017eeme dov\u00e9zt jako nemil\u00fd suven\u00fdr ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z m\u00edst, kde je hygiena na velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\"><strong>Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1kazami z j\u00eddla<\/strong> jsou v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice kampylobakteri\u00f3za a salmonel\u00f3za, ro\u010dn\u011b jimi onemocn\u00ed a\u017e 30 000 osob. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kazy pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00faplavice, \u017eloutenka, listeri\u00f3za a toxoplasm\u00f3za. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4e4e4e\">Kde se s t\u011bmito nemocemi m\u016f\u017eeme setkat a jak se p\u0159ed nimi chr\u00e1nit se do\u010dtete ve \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch t\u00e9to sekce.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips152','Kontaminovan\u00fd = zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd mikroorganismy.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips189','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips264','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips277','Parazit (cizopasn\u00edk) je organizmus, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jin\u00e9 organismy (hostitele) jako zdroj sv\u00e9 potravy i jako st\u00e1l\u00e9 nebo do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a sv\u00e9mu hostiteli tak p\u0159\u00edmo nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo \u0161kod\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips277','Parazit (cizopasn\u00edk) je organizmus, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jin\u00e9 organismy (hostitele) jako zdroj sv\u00e9 potravy i jako st\u00e1l\u00e9 nebo do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a sv\u00e9mu hostiteli tak p\u0159\u00edmo nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo \u0161kod\u00ed.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips313','Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsadou do sushi je tu\u0148\u00e1k, mohou se ale pou\u017e\u00edt i jin\u00e9 druhy ryb \u010di mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody (chobotni\u010dky, s\u00e9pie). P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm se pouze spa\u0159\u00ed horkou vodou a nalo\u017e\u00ed do octa nebo sojov\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dky.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips327','EPA = eikosapentaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O tom, jak n\u00e1m mikroorganismy mohou p\u011bkn\u011b zava\u0159it. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1kazy z j\u00eddla (aliment\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1kazy) tvo\u0159\u00ed skupinu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,, kter\u00e1 postihuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt \u010dlov\u011bka, proto se tak\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji projevuj\u00ed pr\u016fjmem a zvracen\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich ale\u00a0 mohou\u00a0 m\u00edt i nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-potravni-nakazy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=770"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":815,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/770\/revisions\/815"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}