{"id":774,"date":"2006-12-28T14:31:51","date_gmt":"2006-12-28T13:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2006\/12\/28\/3\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:11","slug":"3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/3\/","title":{"rendered":"Ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">O ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexii, jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch, p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch, n\u00e1sledc\u00edch a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie je du\u0161evn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m pacient trp\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00fdm a \u010dasto i neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00fdm strachem z tlou\u0161\u0165ky, m\u00e1 o sv\u00e9m t\u011ble\u00a0 zkreslen\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, a proto z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b hladov\u00ed a ub\u00fdv\u00e1 na hmotnosti. N\u00edzkou t\u011blesnou hmotnost se pak sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet za ka\u017edou cenu.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/anorexie2.jpg\" alt=\"anorexie2\" width=\"87\" height=\"130\" style=\"float: left\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 typy ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me? <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">samostatn\u00e9 hladov\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 je hladov\u011bn\u00ed v kombinaci se zvracen\u00edm a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm proj\u00edmadel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Kdo m\u016f\u017ee onemocn\u011bt ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexi\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji onemocn\u00ed d\u00edvky mezi 13. a\u017e 16. rokem \u017eivota. V\u00fdskyt ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie je popisov\u00e1n asi u\u00a0 1%\u00a0 dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edvek a mlad\u00fdch \u017een, u d\u00edvek je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed asi 10x \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u chlapc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a rizikov\u00e9 faktory ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na vzniku ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie se pod\u00edl\u00ed mnoho \u010dinitel\u016f, toto jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>n\u00edzk\u00e1 odolnost jedince v\u016f\u010di stresu<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>strach z dosp\u011blosti &#8211;\u00a0 boj\u00ed se, \u017ee nebudou schopni zvl\u00e1dat \u201edosp\u011bl\u00e1ck\u00e9\u201c \u00fakoly, rad\u011bji cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u016fstat mal\u00ed, huben\u00ed, aby p\u0159ipom\u00ednali d\u00edt\u011b<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>snaha b\u00fdt ve v\u0161em perfektn\u00ed a nezklamat rodi\u010de nebo okol\u00ed -nemoc\u00ed \u010dasto trp\u00ed velmi inteligentn\u00ed a pe\u010dliv\u00e9 osoby<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>rodina, v n\u00ed\u017e se klade p\u0159ehnan\u00fd d\u016fraz na zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed diet a kde se hodn\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o t\u011blesn\u00fdch tvarech<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>nefunguj\u00edc\u00ed rodina<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>siln\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na matce \u010di p\u0159ehnan\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de ze strany rodi\u010d\u016f<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>touha\u00a0 po samostatnosti, pocitu nez\u00e1vislosti a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00ed, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, co a v jak\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed j\u00edst<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>tlak spole\u010dnosti, kde je up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1na \u0161t\u00edhlost jako symbol kr\u00e1sy a \u00fasp\u011bchu<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>tlak m\u00e9di\u00ed \u2013 televize, internetu, m\u00f3dn\u00edch \u010dasopis\u016f<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>touha podobat se modelk\u00e1m<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>touha l\u00edbit se partnerovi<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky a jak se chov\u00e1 osoba s ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexi\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Osoba, kter\u00e1 trp\u00ed ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexi\u00ed, se sna\u017e\u00ed svou nemoc utajit p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi, a to v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00fdch nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch. Varovn\u00e1 znamen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edznaky ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie, kter\u00fdch si u nemocn\u00e9 osoby m\u016f\u017eete v\u0161imnout:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se j\u00eddl\u016fm, po kter\u00fdch se tloustne, j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek tvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b ovoce, zelenina a n\u00edzkotu\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201elight\u201c<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>j\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed porce, u\u017edibuje mal\u00e9 kousky j\u00eddla, ka\u017ed\u00e9 sousto hodn\u011b \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>j\u00ed velmi pomalu a ob\u0159adn\u011b, co\u017e \u010dasto od\u016fvod\u0148uje t\u00edm, \u017ee si chce j\u00eddlo\u00a0 vychutnat<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u010dasto odm\u00edt\u00e1 tepl\u00e1 j\u00eddla<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>j\u00ed jednou, maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dvakr\u00e1t denn\u011b<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>hodn\u011b pije, zejm\u00e9na \u010distou vodu a \u201elight\u201c n\u00e1poje bez cukru<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>zatajuje a klame sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed ohledn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy: vynech\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed j\u00eddla a vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed si spoustu v\u00fdmluv a l\u017e\u00ed pro\u010d se pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f nem\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edst &#8211; tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se ji\u017e najedla jinde, \u017ee ji bol\u00ed \u017ealudek apod.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>je velmi t\u011blesn\u011b aktivn\u00ed \u2013 nadm\u00edru sportuje, prov\u00e1d\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, \u010dasto zbyte\u010dn\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t po sob\u011b ustele a rozestele postel<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>sna\u017e\u00ed se m\u00e1lo sp\u00e1t \u2013 m\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee ve span\u00ed bez pohybu ztloustne<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>jej\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e1 hmotnost je nejm\u00e9n\u011b o 15% ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed oproti hmotnosti o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 pro dan\u00fd v\u011bk a v\u00fd\u0161ku<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>trp\u00ed strachem z tlou\u0161\u0165ky, m\u00e1 zkreslen\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o sv\u00e9 postav\u011b: v\u00a0 zrcadle se vid\u00ed daleko siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti je<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>na svoji hmotnost neust\u00e1le mysl\u00ed, \u010dasto stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed zrcadlem a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vysv\u011btluje snahou \u017e\u00edt zdrav\u011bji<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>p\u0159es ztr\u00e1tu t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti a hubnut\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed dob\u0159e a uji\u0161\u0165uje sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed, \u017ee je v po\u0159\u00e1dku a m\u00e1 dostatek energie<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u00fazkostliv\u011b srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 porci sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddla s ostatn\u00edmi o po\u017eaduje, aby m\u011bla co nejm\u00e9n\u011b<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>snadno se c\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159ejeden\u00e1<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se j\u00eddlu ve spole\u010dnosti, p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 se st\u00fdkat s p\u0159\u00e1teli, rad\u011bji je sama doma<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>n\u011bkdy se n\u00e1padn\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o va\u0159en\u00ed a recepty a r\u00e1da p\u0159ipravuje j\u00eddla pro ostatn\u00ed<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledky ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva u ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek\u00a0 tyto\u00a0 pot\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>zimom\u0159ivost\u00a0 jako n\u00e1sledek ztr\u00e1ty tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>probl\u00e9my s vlasy \u2013 jsou slab\u00e9, bez lesku, vypad\u00e1vaj\u00ed, vznikaj\u00ed a\u017e lysiny, l\u00e1mou se<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>probl\u00e9my s plet\u00ed \u2013 bledost, vy\u010derpanost, popelavost, samovoln\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed mod\u0159inky, nazelenalost,&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>zhor\u0161uje se kvalita neht\u016f \u2013 t\u0159ep\u00ed se, l\u00e1mou<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>posti\u017een\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny &#8211; kazivost zub\u016f, zm\u011bny a\u017e ztr\u00e1ta chuti<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>odv\u00e1pn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko zlomenin<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>z\u00e1cpa<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips156'>chudokrevnost<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>n\u00edzk\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 mdloby<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u00fanava a celkov\u00e1 slabost<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>poruchy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f &#8211; jater, srdce, ledvin,\u00a0 plic, slinivky<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obranyschopnosti organizmu, \u010dast\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed choroby, \u0161patn\u00e9 hojen\u00ed ran<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>sklon ke vzniku k\u0159e\u010d\u00ed<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie vznikl\u00e1 v d\u011btstv\u00ed a b\u011bhem \u010dasn\u00e9ho dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje zpomalen\u00ed r\u016fstu a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed postavu v dosp\u011blosti, d\u00edvk\u00e1m se nevyvinou prsa a nedostav\u00ed se menstruace, celkov\u011b maj\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00fd vzhled<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>d\u00edvky, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e menstruovaly, p\u0159estanou menstruovat, n\u00e1sledkem pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt neplodnost<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>naru\u0161en\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch funkc\u00ed<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u00famrt\u00ed pacienta celkov\u00fdm selh\u00e1n\u00edm organizmu z vyhladov\u011bn\u00ed (asi u 6 %), ale\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st pacient\u016f sp\u00e1ch\u00e1 sebevra\u017edu nebo podlehne n\u011bjak\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed chorob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a v\u011bt\u0161inou trv\u00e1 \u0159adu m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e let, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b je jej\u00ed d\u00e9lka 5 let. Ne v\u017edy se pacienta poda\u0159\u00ed vyl\u00e9\u010dit,\u00a0 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se nav\u00edc \u010dasto vrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Spolupr\u00e1ce s pacienty je komplikov\u00e1na jejich chov\u00e1n\u00edm a lhan\u00edm \u2013 v nest\u0159e\u017een\u00e9m okam\u017eiku likviduj\u00ed stravu vyhozen\u00edm do ko\u0161e, vylit\u00edm do WC, ale i schov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm j\u00eddla na r\u016fzn\u00e1 m\u00edsta ( nap\u0159\u00edklad do kapsy \u017eupanu, do pono\u017eek, vylit\u00edm pol\u00e9vky do matrace a podobn\u011b), p\u0159ed pravideln\u00fdm v\u00e1\u017een\u00edm vypij\u00ed hodn\u011b vody. Pacienti velmi zap\u00e1len\u011b p\u0159edst\u00edraj\u00ed ochotu se l\u00e9\u010dit a na oko spolupracuj\u00ed, ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak klamou a obelh\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd person\u00e1l jak se d\u00e1, co\u017e l\u00e9\u010dbu zna\u010dn\u011b zt\u011b\u017euje.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladem l\u00e9\u010dby je psychoterapie a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva. B\u011bhem n\u00ed se pacient u\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b nahl\u00ed\u017eet na sv\u00e9 t\u011blo, u\u010d\u00ed se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm stravovac\u00edm\u00a0 n\u00e1vyk\u016fm, l\u00e9ka\u0159i se sna\u017e\u00ed zlep\u0161it jeho sebev\u011bdom\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1-li se o mlad\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, je nutno zapojit do l\u00e9\u010dby i rodi\u010de. B\u011bhem l\u00e9\u010dby pacienti p\u0159ib\u00edraj\u00ed na v\u00e1ze. \u010casto mus\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvat \u0159adu l\u00e9k\u016f. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady se mus\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dit v nemocnici.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura: <\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span>Bl\u00e1ha P., J. V\u00edgnerov\u00e1. Investigation of the growth of Czech children and adolescent. SZ\u00da 2002.<br \/>Krch, F.D. Ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie. Port\u00e1l 2002.<br \/>Krch, F.D. Poruchy p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy. Grada 2005.<br \/>Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1, M.,\u010ce\u0161kov\u00e1,.E., Sobotka, L. Klinick\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva v psychiatrii.Maxdorf-Jessenius 2000.<br \/>Pape\u017eov\u00e1 H.. Doporu\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro praktick\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159e \u2013 Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa. \u010cLS JEP 2001.<br \/>St\u00e1rkov\u00e1, L. Poruchy p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy \u2013 Ps\u00fdch\u00e9 a soma. Pediatrie pro praxi. 1\/2005. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips156','Chudokrevnost neboli an\u00e9mie je zp\u016fsobena nedostatkem krevn\u00edho barviva hemoglobinu. U celiakie je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou an\u00e9mie nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza kv\u016fli poru\u0161en\u00e9 funkci st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznice. Chudokrevnost se projevuje bledost\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a sliznic, \u00fanavou, du\u0161nost\u00ed, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1chylnost\u00ed k infekc\u00edm, zm\u011bnami na k\u016f\u017ei a nehtech. \u010cerven\u00e9 krvinky jsou p\u0159i tomto typu chudokrevnosti men\u0161\u00ed a maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah hemoglobinu.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O ment\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexii, jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch, p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch, n\u00e1sledc\u00edch a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.\u00a0<br \/>\nMent\u00e1ln\u00ed anorexie je du\u0161evn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m pacient trp\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00fdm a \u010dasto i neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00fdm strachem z tlou\u0161\u0165ky, m\u00e1 o sv\u00e9m t\u011ble\u00a0 zkreslen\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, a proto z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b hladov\u00ed a ub\u00fdv\u00e1 na hmotnosti. N\u00edzkou t\u011blesnou hmotnost se pak sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet za ka\u017edou cenu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-poruchy-pijmu-potravy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":811,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions\/811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}