{"id":789,"date":"2006-12-20T11:22:57","date_gmt":"2006-12-20T10:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2006\/12\/20\/15\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:57:11","slug":"15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/15\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dopl\u0148ovat tekutiny?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vod<\/span>\"voda\"a je v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. V \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte,jak je voda z t\u011bla vylu\u010dov\u00e1na a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bychom ji m\u011bli dopl\u0148ovat a kolik.  <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vody.<\/span> <\/strong>Nejv\u00edce je obsa\u017eena v t\u011ble m<\/span>al\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch tvo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e 3\/4 jejich t\u011bla. Mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b<\/span> 60 % vody, star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Toto mno\u017estv\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit tak, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad mlad\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 75 kilogram\u016f m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble 45 kg vody.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Jak se voda z t\u011bla ztr\u00e1c\u00ed?<\/strong> <\/span><\/div>\n

Za b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednek ztr\u00e1c\u00ed na\u0161e t\u011blo asi 2\u20132,5 litr\u016f vody denn\u011b, a to mo\u010d\u00ed, stolic\u00ed, d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm a pocen\u00edm. Mo\u010d\u00ed vylou\u010d\u00edme asi 1 litr tekutin denn\u011b, pocen\u00edm p\u016fl litru a zbytek d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm a stolic\u00ed. Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e \u010di tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m vody, proto\u017ee se v\u00edce pot\u00edme. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch sportovn\u00edch aktivit m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ztr\u00e1ta vody pocen\u00edm a\u017e 4 litry – nap\u0159. p\u0159i maratonsk\u00e9m b\u011bhu.   <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kolik m\u00e1me vyp\u00edt tekutin?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno: Tolik, kolik jsme ztratili. Objem tekutin, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebujeme, z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u011bku, pohlav\u00ed, pohybov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b, kter\u00e9 se v\u011bnujeme, ale tak\u00e9 na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1z\u00edme. Vodu do t\u011bla p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me v podob\u011b n\u00e1poj\u016f a pevn\u00e9 stravy. N\u011bco m\u00e1lo vody si organismus vytvo\u0159\u00ed s\u00e1m p\u0159i p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b \u017eivin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno bychom m\u011bli denn\u011b vyp\u00edt asi 2 litry tekutin, mal\u00e9 d\u011bti a p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1ci o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b. P\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tekutin pak mamink\u00e1m men\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b porad\u00ed jejich l\u00e9ka\u0159 \u2013 pediatr, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed informace o tom, jak jsou star\u00e9 a jakou maj\u00ed hmotnost \u2013 kolik v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee je uvedena pot\u0159eba tekutin podle v\u011bku (upr. podle Referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty pro p\u0159\u00edjem \u017eivin, Praha 2011):
<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V\u011bk <\/strong><\/td>\nCelkov\u00e1 pot\u0159eba vody (ml\/den)<\/strong><\/td>\n P\u0159\u00edjem vody z n\u00e1poj\u016f (ml\/den)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 10-12 let<\/td>\n 2150<\/td>\n 1170<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 13-14 let<\/td>\n 2450<\/td>\n 1330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 15-18 let<\/td>\n 2800<\/td>\n 1530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 19-24 let<\/td>\n 2700<\/td>\n 1470<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 25-50 let<\/td>\n 2600<\/td>\n 1410<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 51-64 let<\/td>\n 2250<\/td>\n 1230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 65 a v\u00edce<\/td>\n2250<\/td>\n 1310<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kdy pot\u0159ebujeme v\u00edce tekutin?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou to n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed situace: <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
    p\u0159i tepl\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed (hork\u00e9 letn\u00ed dny)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    p\u0159i n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pohybov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b (sportovn\u00ed tr\u00e9ninky, hodiny t\u011blocviku, apod.)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    p\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci \u010di zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    p\u0159i nemoci, hore\u010dce, pr\u016fjmu \u010di zvracen\u00ed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    p\u0159i pobytu v m\u00edstnosti, kde je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 such\u00fd vzduch (t\u0159eba v zim\u011b, kdy\u017e se top\u00ed) <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Jak zjist\u00edme, \u017ee pijeme m\u00e1lo? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u00edrn\u00fd, kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd nedostatek tekutin
    <\/em>Sign\u00e1lem toho, \u017ee pijeme m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e pot\u0159ebujeme, je to, \u017ee n\u00e1s po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b za\u010dne bolet hlava, budeme se c\u00edtit unaven\u00ed a mal\u00e1tn\u00ed. \u0160patn\u011b se soust\u0159ed\u00edme a m\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad probl\u00e9my sledovat vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed (prob\u00edranou l\u00e1tku). Nebo pod\u00e1v\u00e1me hor\u0161\u00ed sportovn\u00ed v\u00fdkony. Zkr\u00e1tka, kdy\u017e n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed voda, c\u00edt\u00edme se celkov\u011b vys\u00edlen\u00ed.  <\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u00edrn\u00fd, ale dlouhodob\u00fd nedostatek tekutin<\/em>
    Pokud budeme p\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e pot\u0159ebujeme del\u0161\u00ed dobu, m\u016f\u017eeme si zp\u016fsobit \u0159adu zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Hlava n\u00e1s bude bolet daleko \u010dast\u011bji, budeme trp\u011bt z\u00e1cpou, m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee s ledvinami. Zvy\u0161uje se tak\u00e9 riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btem slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva. <\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/strong><\/p>\n

    Rada na z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak zjistit, \u017ee pijeme m\u00e1lo, je v\u0161imnout si barvy na\u0161\u00ed mo\u010di a jej\u00edho pachu. Tmav\u0161\u00ed mo\u010d, kter\u00e1 v\u00edce p\u00e1chne je koncentrovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a  zna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee se pot\u0159ebujeme co nejd\u0159\u00edve nap\u00edt. Sv\u011btl\u00e1 barva mo\u010di (asi tak barvy sl\u00e1my) zna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba m\u00edt obavy. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak t\u011blo signalizuje, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuje tekutiny, je pocit \u017e\u00edzn\u011b. Pocit \u017e\u00edzn\u011b je v\u0161ak u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jin\u00fd a n\u011bkdo jej nemus\u00ed m\u00edt ani tehdy, kdy\u017e u\u017e by se m\u011bl opravdu nap\u00edt (v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou to sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9). Proto si mus\u00edme zapamatovat, \u017ee p\u00edt je t\u0159eba i tehdy, kdy\u017e \u017e\u00edze\u0148 nem\u00e1me! <\/span><\/p>\n

    Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky nedostatku tekutin pat\u0159\u00ed i sucho v \u00fastech, oschl\u00e9 rty a jazyk, such\u00e1 poko\u017eka a n\u011bkdy i \u0161kytavka p\u0159i j\u00eddle.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura:<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Gannong. W.F. P\u0159ehled l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fyziologie. Vydalo H&H 1999.
    Keller. U. Klinick\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva. Scientia Medica 1993.
    Ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek. F. Pitn\u00fd re\u017eim. Vydal SZU 2006.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    .<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Voda je v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. V \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte,jak je voda z t\u011bla vylu\u010dov\u00e1na a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bychom ji m\u011bli dopl\u0148ovat a kolik.  
    \n 
    \nLidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vody. Nejv\u00edce je obsa\u017eena v t\u011ble mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch tvo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e 3\/4 jejich t\u011bla. Mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % vody, star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Toto mno\u017estv\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit tak, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad mlad\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 75 kilogram\u016f m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble 45 kg vody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-voda-a-pitny-reim"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=789"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":795,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/789\/revisions\/795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}