{"id":791,"date":"2006-12-12T14:23:51","date_gmt":"2006-12-12T13:23:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/2006\/12\/12\/1\/"},"modified":"2025-03-14T14:21:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T13:21:09","slug":"1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/1\/","title":{"rendered":"Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita a jak se jim postavit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003399\">Jak se zji\u0161\u0165uje ide\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1ha, m\u00edry \u010di slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla. Kdy mluv\u00edme o nadv\u00e1ze, kdy o obezit\u011b a jak\u00e9 jsou jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, n\u00e1sledky a jak jim p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. <\/span><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/obezni_holcicka.jpg\" alt=\"obezni_holcicka\" width=\"127\" height=\"139\" \/><\/div>\n<p><strong>Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita<\/strong><strong> \u2013 modern\u00ed <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips264'>epidemie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita jsou stavy, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se v t\u011ble nahromad\u00ed nadbytek tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b. Po\u010det ob\u00e9zn\u00edch lid\u00ed roste \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l rychleji, hlavn\u011b ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch. \u010ce\u0161i pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejob\u00e9zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1sledky obezity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou obezity je nerovnov\u00e1ha mezi energi\u00ed, kterou p\u0159ijmeme v j\u00eddle a pit\u00ed, a energi\u00ed, kterou vyd\u00e1me. Nevydan\u00e1 energie se v t\u011ble ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do tukov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob. Vliv na vznik obezity m\u00e1 ale i d\u011bdi\u010dnost. Rodinn\u00e9 zvyklosti a v\u00fdchova maj\u00ed vliv na oblibu pohybu a up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch chut\u00ed. Pokud je ve va\u0161\u00ed rodin\u011b v\u00edce ob\u00e9zn\u00edch lid\u00ed \u2013 a hlavn\u011b, pokud jsou ob\u00e9zn\u00ed jeden nebo oba va\u0161i rodi\u010de, je riziko obezity i u v\u00e1s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Rizikov\u00fd faktor nadv\u00e1hy a obezity je i vysok\u00e1 porodn\u00ed hmotnost.<\/p>\n<p>Obezita m\u00e1 spoustu komplikac\u00ed a n\u00e1sledk\u016f \u2013 zp\u016fsobuje psychickou nepohodu, pohybov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a bolesti kloub\u016f, ob\u00e9zn\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kameny, vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak, cukrovku, infarkt, mozkovou mrtvici a n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1dory (prsu, d\u011blohy, tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva\u2026). Ob\u00e9zn\u00ed \u017eeny trp\u00edvaj\u00ed gynekologick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, pot\u00ed\u017eemi s ot\u011bhotn\u011bn\u00edm, maj\u00ed v\u00edce rizik v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed i po porodu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Existuje v\u00edce druh\u016f obezity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Podle toho, kde se tukov\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 nejv\u00edce hromad\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme rozli\u0161it dva typy obezity. \u017den\u00e1m a d\u00edvk\u00e1m se tuk ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010dast\u011bji na boc\u00edch, h\u00fd\u017ed\u00edch a stehnech. Tomuto typu obezity se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u017eensk\u00e1, nebo tak\u00e9 obezita typu hru\u0161ka (postava tvarem p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 hru\u0161ku). Naopak u mu\u017e\u016f a chlapc\u016f je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tuku v oblasti b\u0159icha. Postava p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 tvarem jablko, a proto se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje jako obezita typu jablko nebo <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips127'>mu\u017esk\u00e1 obezita<\/span>. Tento typ obezity se ale vyskytuje i u \u017een, \u010dasto v obdob\u00ed po p\u0159echodu. Obezita typu jablko je nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obezita typu hru\u0161ka, jsou u n\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rizika komplikac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad cukrovky nebo srde\u010dn\u00edho infarktu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak se obezita zji\u0161\u0165uje<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens-files\/stories\/hrozby\/vaha.jpg\" alt=\"vaha\" width=\"179\" height=\"185\" \/>Zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zjistit v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fd stav \u010dlov\u011bka a odhalit mo\u017enou nadv\u00e1hu nebo obezitu, je v\u00edce. Proto\u017ee se b\u011bhem r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed \u017eivota hodn\u011b m\u011bn\u00edme, jsou pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupiny vhodn\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody. K z\u00e1kladn\u00edm metod\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed podle pom\u011bru v\u00fd\u0161ky a v\u00e1hy. U d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips95'>percentilov\u00e9 grafy<\/span>. Do 18 let nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat hodnocen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed klasick\u00e9ho <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span>, proto\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed dokon\u010den\u00fd r\u016fst a dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1zej\u00ed dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Klasick\u00fd <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span> je nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed metodou k hodnocen\u00ed stavu v\u00fd\u017eivy dosp\u011bl\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fd se pro hodnocen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, je stanoven\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla \u2013 zji\u0161\u0165uje se mno\u017estv\u00ed tuku, sval\u016f, vody. Hod\u00ed se sp\u00ed\u0161e pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 hlavn\u011b <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips13'>hromad\u011bn\u00ed tuku v oblasti b\u0159icha<\/span>, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9ho stavu d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch obvod b\u0159icha, u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch obvod pasu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak jsem na tom j\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spo\u010d\u00edtejte si sv\u016fj Body Mass Index. Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 hodnota <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span> v\u00e1m napov\u00ed, jestli m\u00e1te podv\u00e1hu, hmotnost v norm\u011b, nadv\u00e1hu nebo obezitu. Ale pozor! Pro aktivn\u00ed sportovce je <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span> nepou\u017eiteln\u00fd. Spo\u010d\u00edtat si jej m\u016f\u017eete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce:<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span> <span>\u00a0<\/span> <span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete si tak\u00e9 zkusit otestovat sv\u016fj obvod pasu, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m leccos napov\u00ed o va\u0161\u00ed postav\u011b. Nejprve si zm\u011b\u0159te obvod sv\u00e9ho b\u0159icha p\u0159es pupek. M\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed p\u00e1smo m\u00e1 p\u0159il\u00e9hat k t\u011blu, ale nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt voln\u00e9 ani nesm\u00ed t\u011blo stahovat. M\u011b\u0159te se ide\u00e1ln\u011b na hol\u00e9m t\u011ble. Hodnotu zadejte do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulky.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<span>\u00a0<\/span> <span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0 <span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hodnocen\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti a slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla u lid\u00ed nad 18 let <\/strong><strong><span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Za nadv\u00e1hu pova\u017eujeme hodnoty <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span> \u2265 25,0 \u2013 29,9.<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Obezita je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span> \u2265 30,0, Vysok\u00e1 rizika m\u00e1 ale i podv\u00e1ha.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Pokud je va\u0161e <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips322'>BMI<\/span> ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 18,5, m\u011bli byste usilovat o zdrav\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hmotnosti.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pom\u011br pas\/boky<\/strong> (WHR)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Zm\u011b\u0159te obvod sv\u00e9ho pasu v neju\u017e\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b a obvod bok\u016f naopak v nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Hodnotu obvodu pasu vyd\u011blte hodnotou obvodu bok\u016f.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Pokud je hodnota tohoto pom\u011bru vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,95 u mu\u017e\u016f a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,8 u \u017een je riziko rozvoje nemoc\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s obezitou z\u0159eteln\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Obvod pasu \u2013 riziko zdravotn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit i ze samotn\u00e9 hodnoty obvodu pasu. Mu\u017ei s obvodem pasu nad 94 cm maj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko, nad 102 cm je riziko ji\u017e opravdu vysok\u00e9. U \u017een je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko nad 80 cm, vysok\u00e9 nad 88 cm.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>M\u011b\u0159\u00ed se pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty se u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch zdrav\u00fdch \u017een pova\u017euje 18-30 % tuku v t\u011ble, u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch zdrav\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f je to 10-25%. Za hranici obezity se u mu\u017e\u016f pova\u017euje v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 % tuku, u \u017een nad 35%.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Zjistili jste, \u017ee se v\u00e1s probl\u00e9m nadv\u00e1hy nebo obezity t\u00fdk\u00e1? Na\u0161e rady, jak proti nim bojovat, najdete v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201e<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/73\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chci se nadv\u00e1hy zbavit, ale jak na to?<\/a><\/strong>\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em><span>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literatura: <\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kardiokohl.cz\/info-obezita.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>Kardiokohl<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span> <br \/><\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obezita.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>Centrum pro obezitu a zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span> <br \/><\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.obezita.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>Obezita.cz<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span> <br \/><\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uzis.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span>\u00dastav zdravotnick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a statistiky \u010cR<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span> <br \/>Informace pro rodi\u010de \u2013 p\u0159\u00edloha zdravotn\u00edho o\u010dkovac\u00edho pr\u016fkazu d\u00edt\u011bte a mladistv\u00e9ho, 1.vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, SZ\u00da, 1994, 64s.<br \/>Keller, U., Meier, R., Bertolli, S.: Klinick\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva, 1.vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Scientia medica, 1993, 240s.<br \/>Kleinw\u00e4chterov\u00e1, H, Br\u00e1zdov\u00e1, Z.: V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fd stav \u010dlov\u011bka a zp\u016fsoby jeho zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, 2. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Brno, IPVZ, 102s.<br \/>Kubisov\u00e1, D.: M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed obvodu pasu a bok\u016f p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v antropologii a klinick\u00e9 praxi, DMEV, 2003, 4, s.204-208.<br \/>Provazn\u00edk, K. a kol.: Manu\u00e1l prevence v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, d\u00edl I.- V\u00fd\u017eiva, 1. souborn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, Praha, Univerzita Karlova, 2004, s. 22-109.<br \/>Sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed o zdrav\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, 1.vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, \u00dastav zdravotnick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a statistiky \u010cR, 2004, 95s. <br \/>Vignerov\u00e1, J., a kol.: 6.celost\u00e1tn\u00ed antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum d\u011bt\u00ed a ml\u00e1de\u017ee 2001 \u2013 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, souhrnn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, 1.vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, P\u0159F UK v Praze a SZ\u00da, 2006, 238s.<br \/>Whitney, E.N., Cataldo, C.B., Rolfes, S.R.: Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition, 6th edition, Wadsworth, 2002, 875s. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em><span>\u00a0 <br \/><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span><\/span><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips13','Pokud se tuk hromad\u00ed hlavn\u011b v oblasti b\u0159icha, zvy\u0161uje se riziko komplikac\u00ed obezity.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips95','Percentil ozna\u010duje, kolik procent lid\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho v\u011bku m\u00e1 nam\u011b\u0159enou veli\u010dinu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vy. P\u0159\u00edklad: Pokud je va\u0161e v\u00e1ha vzhledem k v\u00fd\u0161ce na k\u0159ivce 25.percentilu, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee 25 % lid\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho v\u011bku m\u00e1 v\u00e1hu v pom\u011bru k v\u00fd\u0161ce ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a 75 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vy.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips127','Mu\u017esk\u00fd typ obezity se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 androidn\u00ed nebo centr\u00e1ln\u00ed obezita.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips264','P\u0159i epidemii nemoc postihuje v dan\u00e9m \u010dase velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips322','BMI je zkratka pro Body Mass Index, \u010desky \u2013 index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti.'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips326','DHA = dokosahexaenov\u00e1 kyselina'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak se zji\u0161\u0165uje ide\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1ha, m\u00edry \u010di slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla. Kdy mluv\u00edme o nadv\u00e1ze, kdy o obezit\u011b a jak\u00e9 jsou jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, n\u00e1sledky a jak jim p\u0159edch\u00e1zet.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nNadv\u00e1ha a obezita \u2013 modern\u00ed epidemie<br \/>\nNadv\u00e1ha a obezita jsou stavy, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se v t\u011ble nahromad\u00ed nadbytek tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b. Po\u010det ob\u00e9zn\u00edch lid\u00ed roste \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l rychleji, hlavn\u011b ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch. \u010ce\u0161i pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejob\u00e9zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":289,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obezita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=791"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1672,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/791\/revisions\/1672"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viscojis.cz\/teens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}